CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.

OFFICIAL SYLLABUS

Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics

Unit 1: National Income and Related Aggregates

What is Macroeconomics?

Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation.
Circular flow of income (two sector model); Methods of calculating National Income -Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method.

Aggregates related to National Income:

Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP.

GDP and Welfare

Unit 2: Money and Banking

Money - meaning and supply of money - Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks.

Money creation by the commercial banking system.

Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. Bank, Banker's Bank, Control of Credit through Bank Rate, CRR, SLR, Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement.

Unit 3: Determination of Income and Employment

Aggregate demand and its components.

Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal). Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism. Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment.

Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them -changes in government spending, taxes and money supply.

Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy

Government budget - meaning, objectives and components.

Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts; classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.

Measures of government deficit - revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, primary deficit their meaning.

Unit 5: Balance of Payments

Balance of payments account - meaning and components; balance of payments deficit-meaning.

Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating. Determination of exchange rate in a free market.

Part B: Indian Economic Development

Unit 6: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991:

A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence. Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans.

Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance) and foreign trade.

Economic Reforms since 1991:

Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy);Concepts of demonetization and GST

Unit 7: Current challenges facing Indian Economy

Poverty- Absolute and relative; Main programmes for poverty alleviation: A critical assessment;

Human Capital Formation: How people beco

CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.

OFFICIAL SYLLABUS

Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics

Unit 1: National Income and Related Aggregates

What is Macroeconomics?

Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation.
Circular flow of income (two sector model); Methods of calculating National Income -Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method.

Aggregates related to National Income:

Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP.

GDP and Welfare

Unit 2: Money and Banking

Money - meaning and supply of money - Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks.

Money creation by the commercial banking system.

Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. Bank, Banker's Bank, Control of Credit through Bank Rate, CRR, SLR, Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement.

Unit 3: Determination of Income and Employment

Aggregate demand and its components.

Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal). Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism. Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment.

Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them -changes in government spending, taxes and money supply.

Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy

Government budget - meaning, objectives and components.

Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts; classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.

Measures of government deficit - revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, primary deficit their meaning.

Unit 5: Balance of Payments

Balance of payments account - meaning and components; balance of payments deficit-meaning.

Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating. Determination of exchange rate in a free market.

Part B: Indian Economic Development

Unit 6: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991:

A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence. Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans.

Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance) and foreign trade.

Economic Reforms since 1991:

Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy);Concepts of demonetization and GST

Unit 7: Current challenges facing Indian Economy

Poverty- Absolute and relative; Main programmes for poverty alleviation: A critical assessment;

Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development; Growth of Education Sector in India

Rural development: Key issues - credit and marketing - role of cooperatives;agricultural diversification; alternative farming - organic farming

Employment: Growth and changes in work force participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies

Infrastructure: Meaning and Types: Case Studies: Energy and Health: Problems and Policies- A critical assessment;

Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment, including global warming

Unit 8: Development Experience of India:

A comparison with neighbours

India and Pakistan

India and China

Issues: economic growth, population, sectoral development and other Human Development Indicators

Part C: Project in Economics.

TO KNOW MORE

For Official Website: click here

For Time Table: click here

For Practical & Projects Circulars: click here

CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.

Paper Format

Paper Type - Theory + Project

Paper Marks - 80 Marks + 20 Marks

Maximum Total marks - 80 + 20 = 100 Marks

Time duration - 3 hours (For Theory Exam) + 3 hours (For Project)

Unit & their Weightage-

Paper II: Project work

TO KNOW MORE

CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.

Paper Format

Paper Type - Theory + Project

Paper Marks - 80 Marks + 20 Marks

Maximum Total marks - 80 + 20 = 100 Marks

Time duration - 3 hours (For Theory Exam) + 3 hours (For Project)

Unit & their Weightage-

Paper II: Project work

TO KNOW MORE

For Official Website: click here

For Time Table: click here

For Practical & Projects Circulars: click here

CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.

TIME TABLE - ECONOMICS

TIME TABLE - ALL SUBJECTS

CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.

TIME TABLE - ECONOMICS

TIME TABLE - ALL SUBJECTS

TO KNOW MORE

For Official Website: click here

For Time Table: click here

For Practical & Projects Circulars: click here

CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.

CBSE Economics Analysis 2022

CBSE Class 12 Economics paper 2022 was conducted May 28, 2022. The paper was easy and not lengthy at all. The paper was 40 marks and students were able to solve it on time. The pattern and the difficulty level of the question paper was very similar to that of the CBSE sample paper.

1. This question paper contains 13 questions. All Questions are compulsory.

2. The question paper contains 5 questions of 2 marks each, 5 questions of 3 marks each and 3 questions of 5 marks each.

3. 2 marks questions are Short Answer type question and are to be answered in 30 - 50 words.

4. 3 marks questions are also Short Answer type question and are to be answered in 50 - 80 words.

5. 5 marks questions are Long Answer type question and are to be answered in 80 - 120 words.

6. There is no overall choice, However Internal Choice has been provided in few questions. The Candidate need to attempt only one question from such questions.

7. This Question paper contains Case/Source based Questions.

Major Highlights

1. The difficulty level of the CBSE Economics paper 2022: Easy.

2. The paper was balanced and was a perfect combination of basic understanding and application of concepts.

3. The paper was a well balanced one having a proper balance of HOTS (higher order thinking skills) and LOTS (lower order thinking skills) and was according to the pattern of the sample paper.

4. The National Income related numericals were some what tricky but that is a difficult topic too.

5. The question paper was as per the syllabus and sample paper provided by CBSE.

6. Overall, it was a balanced paper, with a perfect combination of basic understanding and application of concepts.

CBSE Economics Analysis 2020

Paper Analysis

There will be no overall choice in the paper. Candidates will be required to answer all questions. The internal choice was available in two questions of 2 marks each, two questions of 3 marks each and all the three questions of 5 marks each. There was only one numerical in the question paper. The Macro-Economics section and 1 mark questions were a bit tricky. The Overall paper was moderate and scoring. 

Major Highlights

1. The difficulty level of the CBSE Economics Paper 2020: Moderate.

2. The pattern of the CBSE Class 12 Economics paper was similar to the latest CBSE Class 12 Economics Sample Paper 2020 (Issued by CBSE).

3. All the questions in the paper were asked from the latest CBSE syllabus and based on NCERT textbooks.

CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.

CBSE Economics Analysis 2022

CBSE Class 12 Economics paper 2022 was conducted May 28, 2022. The paper was easy and not lengthy at all. The paper was 40 marks and students were able to solve it on time. The pattern and the difficulty level of the question paper was very similar to that of the CBSE sample paper.

1. This question paper contains 13 questions. All Questions are compulsory.

2. The question paper contains 5 questions of 2 marks each, 5 questions of 3 marks each and 3 questions of 5 marks each.

3. 2 marks questions are Short Answer type question and are to be answered in 30 - 50 words.

4. 3 marks questions are also Short Answer type question and are to be answered in 50 - 80 words.

5. 5 marks questions are Long Answer type question and are to be answered in 80 - 120 words.

6. There is no overall choice, However Internal Choice has been provided in few questions. The Candidate need to attempt only one question from such questions.

7. This Question paper contains Case/Source based Questions.

Major Highlights

1. The difficulty level of the CBSE Economics paper 2022: Easy.

2. The paper was balanced and was a perfect combination of basic understanding and application of concepts.

3. The paper was a well balanced one having a proper balance of HOTS (higher order thinking skills) and LOTS (lower order thinking skills) and was according to the pattern of the sample paper.

4. The National Income related numericals were some what tricky but that is a difficult topic too.

5. The question paper was as per the syllabus and sample paper provided by CBSE.

6. Overall, it was a balanced paper, with a perfect combination of basic understanding and application of concepts.

CBSE Economics Analysis 2020

Paper Analysis

There will be no overall choice in the paper. Candidates will be required to answer all questions. The internal choice was available in two questions of 2 marks each, two questions of 3 marks each and all the three questions of 5 marks each. There was only one numerical in the question paper. The Macro-Economics section and 1 mark questions were a bit tricky. The Overall paper was moderate and scoring. 

Major Highlights

1. The difficulty level of the CBSE Economics Paper 2020: Moderate.

2. The pattern of the CBSE Class 12 Economics paper was similar to the latest CBSE Class 12 Economics Sample Paper 2020 (Issued by CBSE).

3. All the questions in the paper were asked from the latest CBSE syllabus and based on NCERT textbooks.

4. The average range of expected marks was 70+ (out of 80).

CBSE XII Analysis From Other Resources

CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.

KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF THE BOARD EXAM

TIME TABLE

CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.

KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF THE BOARD EXAM

TIME TABLE