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Chapter - Ecosystem
CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE
Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.
OFFICIAL SYLLABUS
| CHAPTER |
| Reproduction in Organisms |
| Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants |
| Human Reproduction |
| Reproductive Health |
| Principles of Inheritance and Variation |
| Molecular Basis of Inheritance |
| Evolution |
| Human Health and Disease |
| Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production |
| Microbes in Human Welfare |
| Biotechnology: Principles And Processes |
| Biotechnology and its Applications |
| Organisms and Populations |
| Ecosystem |
| Biodiversity and Conservation |
| Environmental Issues |
Unit I: Reproduction
Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms
Reproduction is a characteristic feature of all organisms for the continuation of species; modes of reproduction - asexual and sexual reproduction; asexual reproduction- binary fission, Sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.
Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination types, agencies, and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post-fertilization events development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes -apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.
Chapter 3: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis -spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilization, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).
Chapter 4: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).
Unit II: Genetics and Evolution
Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism–incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination in human beings, birds, and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex-linked inheritance-hemophilia, color blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.
Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation-lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.
Chapter 7: Evolution
Origin of life; biological evolution and evidence for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular evidence); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution-variation (mutation and recombination), and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.
Unit III: Biology and Human Welfare
Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence-drug and alcohol abuse.
Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
...
CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE
Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.
Paper Format
Paper Type - Theory + Practical
Paper Marks - Theory (70 Marks) + Practical (30 Marks)
Maximum Total marks - 70 + 30 = 100 Marks
Time duration - 3 hours (Only For Theory Exam) + 3 hours (Only For Practical Exam)
Unit & their Weightage
Paper I: Theory
S.No. | Unit | Total Weightage |
| 1. | Reproduction | 16 Marks |
| 2. | Genetics and Evolution | 20 Marks |
| 3. | Biology and Human Welfare | 12 Marks |
| 4. | Biotechnology and its Applications | 12 Marks |
| 5. | Ecology and Environment | 10 Marks |
| Total | 70 Marks | |
Paper II: Practical
| Evolution Scheme | Marks |
| One Major Experiment 5, 6 | 5 marks |
| One Minor Experiment 2, 3 | 4 marks |
| Slide Preparation 1, 4 | 5 marks |
| Spotting | 7 marks |
| Practical Record + Viva Voce | 4 marks |
Investigatory Project and its Project & Record + Viva Voce | 5 marks |
| Total | 30 marks |
TO KNOW MORE
For Official Website: click here
For Time Table: click here
For Practical & Projects Circulars: click here
CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE
Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.
Conditions of eligibility for admission to class XII
1. Candidates who have been studying in a School recognised by or affiliated to this Board or any other recognised Board of Secondary Education in India.
2. Candidates can not take admission directly in class XII.
3. Candidates had completed a regular course of study for class XI and passed class XI examination from a school affilicated to this Board.
4. The candidates percentage for attendance should be 75% so that the Board to make him/her eligible for the Examinations.
5. Candidate can be admitted to a school only on the transfer of the parents(s) or shifting of their families from one place to another, after procuring from the student the marksheet and the Transfer Certificate duly countersigned by the Educational Authorities of the Board concerned.
6. There is no age limit for candidates taking the Examination.
7. Candidate should have doucments in support of his having passed the qualifying or equivalent qualifying examination.
CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE
Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.
TIME TABLE - BIOLOGY
| Exam Date | Subject | Timing |
| 25.03.2025 (Tuesday) | Biology - 044 | 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. |
TIME TABLE - ALL SUBJECTS
| SINO. | Day | Date | Subject Code | Subject |
| 1 | Saturday | 15.02.2025 | 066 | Entrepreneurship |
| 2 | Monday | 17.02.2025 | 048 | Physical Education |
| 3 | Tuesday | 18.02.2025 | 035, 036, 821, 804, 813, 844, 847 | Hindustani Music Mel. Ins., Hindustani Music Per. Ins., Multi-media Automotive, Healthcare Data Science Electronics & Hardware |
| 4 | Wednesday | 19.02.2025 | 809, 824, 830, 842 | Design, Early Childhood Care & Education Food Production, Office Procedures & Practices |
| 5 | Thursday | 20.02.2025 | 817 | Typography & Computer Applications |
| 6 | Friday | 21.02.2025 | 042 | Physics |
| 7 | Saturday | 22.02.2025 | 054, 833 | Business Studies, Business Administration |
| 8 | Monday | 24.02.2025 | 029 | Geography, |
| 9 | Tuesday | 25.02.2025 | 118, 82 |
CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE
Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.
CBSE Biology Analysis 2022
CBSE Class 12 Term 2 Biology paper 2022 was conducted May 30, 2022. The Biology exam was 'scoring'. The paper was easy and not lengthy at all. Students were able to solve the paper on time. The long answer type questions were different but straight-forward.
1. This question paper contains 60 questions, out of which 50 questions are to be attempted. All questions carry equal marks.
2. The question paper consists of three Sections-Section A, B and C.
3. Section A consists of 24 questions, attempt any 20 questions from any 20 questions Q. No. 1 to 24.
4. Section B also consists of 24 questions, attempt any 20 questions from Q. No. 25 to 48.
5. Section C consists of 12 questions. Attempt any 10 questions from Q. No. 49 to 60.
6. There is only one correct option for every Multiple Choice Question (MCQ), Marks will not be awarded for answering more than one option.
7. All questions carry equal marks. There is no negative marking.
Major Highlights
1. The difficulty level of the CBSE Biology paper 2022: Easy to moderate
2. The exam pattern and difficulty level were similar as that of CBSE sample paper.
3. The question paper is balanced and student's friendly paper which is a perfect mix of analysis, application and memory-based questions.
4. There was nothing out of the prescribed CBSE syllabus. All the questions asked were straight from the NCERT books
5. All the questions in the paper were asked from the latest CBSE syllabus.
CBSE Biology Analysis, 2020
Analysis has been done of the paper which was conducted in 2020.
Paper Pattern
| No. of Section | Question Type | No of Questions | Marks Per Question | Total Marks |
Section A | MCQ | 5 | 1 | 5 |
Section B | Short Answer I | 7 | 2 | 14 |
Section C | Short Answer II | 9 | 3 | 27 |
Section D | Questions Based on the given Case | 3 | 3 | 9 |
Section E | Long Answers | 3 | 5 | 15 |
| Total Question - 27 | Total Marks - 70 | |||
Marks Distribution Chapter-wise
| Name of Unit | Total Marks from the chapter |
CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE
Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.
1. The paper will be divided in five sections Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D & Section E.
2. The total number of questions will be 27.
3. There will be no overall choice in the paper. Candidates will be required to answer all questions.
4. Internal choice will be available in two questions of 2 marks each, two questions of 3 marks each and all the three questions of 5 marks each.
5. Section A Question no. 1 to 5 (Multiple choice question one mark each.)
6. Section B Question no. 6 to 12 (Short answer type question two mark each.)
7. Section C Question number 13 to 21 [Short answer type II questions of three marks each].
8. Section D Question number 22 to 24 [Case-based short answer type questions of three marks each (1+1+1)].
9. Section E Question number 25 to 27 [Long answer type questions of five marks each].
CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE
Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.
KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF THE BOARD EXAM
| Particulars | Details |
| Exam Name | CBSE Class 12th Board Exam |
| Exam Conducted By | Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) |
| Exam Year | 2025 |
| Exam Starts From | 15 February 2025 |
| Exam Ends | 04 April 2025 |
| Students Appeared Last Year | Around 16 Lakh |
| Official Website | click here |
This Year exam will be conducted for the following subject codes & their subjects:
| SINO. | Subject Code | Subject |
| 1 | 066 | Entrepreneurship |
| 2 | 048 | Physical Education |
| 3 | 035, 036, 821, 804, 813, 844, 847 | Hindustani Music Mel. Ins., Hindustani Music Per. Ins., Multi-media Automotive, Healthcare Data Science Electronics & Hardware |
| 4 | 809, 824, 830, 842 | Design, Early Childhood Care & Education Food Production, Office Procedures & Practices |
| 5 | 817 | Typography & Computer Applications |
| 6 | 042 | Physics |
| 7 | 054, 833 | Business Studies, Business Administration |
| 8 | 029 | Geography, |
| 9 | 118, 822, 829, 843 | French, Taxation, Textile Design Artificial Intelligence |
| 10 | 043 | Chemistry |
| 11 | 807, 804, 828 | Financial Markets Management, Beauty & Wellness, Medical Diagnostics |
| 12 | 046, 057, 058, 059, 060, 061, 816, 823, 836 | Horticulture, Cost Accounting, Library & Information Science |
CBSE EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE
Finally, wait is over and Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 15 February 2025 and will last upto 04 April 2025, it will take around 49 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The first exam will be held on 15 February 2025 for Entrepreneurship (Including Vocational Students) subject and the last exam will be held on 04 April 2025 for Psychology subject. The practical exams/Internal Assesment/Projects & the board's annual theory examinations are scheduled to start w.e.f 01th January 2025 and 15th February 2025.
KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF THE BOARD EXAM
| Particulars | Details |
| Exam Name | CBSE Class 12th Board Exam |
| Exam Conducted By | Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) |
| Exam Year | 2025 |
| Exam Starts From | 15 February 2025 |
| Exam Ends | 04 April 2025 |
| Students Appeared Last Year | Around 16 Lakh |
| Official Website | click here |
TIME TABLE
| SINO. | Day | Date | Subject Code | Subject |
| 1 | Saturday | 15.02.2025 | 066 | Entrepreneurship |
| 2 | Monday | 17.02.2025 | 048 | Physical Education |
| 3 | Tuesday | 18.02.2025 | 035, 036, 821, 804, 813, 844, 847 | Hindustani Music Mel. Ins., Hindustani Music Per. Ins., Multi-media Automotive, Healthcare Data Science Electronics & Hardware |
| 4 | Wednesday | 19.02.2025 | 809, 824, 830, 842 | Design, Early Childhood Care & Education Food Production, Office Procedures & Practices |
| 5 | Thursday | 20.02.2025 | 817 | Typography & Computer Applications |
| 6 | Friday | 21.02.2025 | 042 | Physics |
| 7 | Saturday | 22.02.2025 | 054, 833 | Business Studies, Business Administration |
| 8 | Monday | 24.02.2025 | 029 | Geography, |
| 9 | Tuesday | 25.02.2025 | 118, 822, 829, 843 | French, Taxation, Textile Design Artificial Intelligence |
| 10 | Thursday | 27.02.2025 | 043 | Chemistry |
| 11 | Friday | 28.02.2025 | 807, 804, 828 | Financial Markets Management, Beauty & Wellness, |
CBSE Class 12 Result 2025 declared on May 13. Students can check their scores on cbse.gov.in and cbseresults.nic.in using their roll number. Learn the steps to access your results online...
| Posted On: 13 May, 2025 | |
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Schools can access the admit cards by logging into the portal via the CBSE official website...
| Posted On: 03 Feb, 2025 | |
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This initiative is designed to reduce exam-related stress and provide support to students in Class X and XII as they prepare for their theory exams, which are set to start on February 15, 2025...
| Posted On: 30 Jan, 2025 | |
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Students preparing for the upcoming exams can access the full date sheet in PDF format on the CBSE official website...
| Posted On: 05 Dec, 2024 | |
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Central Board of Secondary Education i.e. CBSE has officially released the result for the 2025 exam on its official website...
| Posted On: 21 Nov, 2024 | |
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According to the CBSE circular, students who are dissatisfied with their results may ask for mark verification between the fourth and eighth days after the results are declared...
| Posted On: 07 May, 2024 | |
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Last October, Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan told PTI in an interview that students will not be required to appear for board exams twice a year...
| Posted On: 27 Apr, 2024 | |
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The false notice contains all of the information that a CBSE result official circular might contain, such as specifics on marksheet download, digital marksheet, result links, information about Digilocker, and more...
| Posted On: 11 May, 2023 | |
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English / Hindi
The Central Board of Secondary Education is a national level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the Government of India. You can get more information about the CBSE board by visiting our school section.
The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is a government organization that has been set up to assist in the qualitative improvement of school education in India. Complete details about the NCERT are available in our CBSE Board section.
Candidates applying for the CBSE 12 exams must have cleared Class 11 from CBSE or any other education board recognised by CBSE. For detailed information of CBSE Board Class 12 eligibility, click on above Eligibility button.
Yes, On NCERT website www.ncert.nic.in, you can access the Class 12 Biology books but they did not provide you the solutions. You can go to the textbook section above to see the CBSE Board Class 11 Biology Textbook and its solution.
CBSE Class 12 result is expected to be announced on May. For download CBSE Class 12 result You can visit the official website of CBSE Board cbse.gov.in. For full schedule of CBSE Board Class 12 exam result click on schedule tab above.
You can visit the official website of CBSE Board cbse.gov.in to download your CBSE Admit Card. You can see complete process to download CBSE Board Class 12 Admit Card by visiting our school section above.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Important Topics - Reproduction, Genetics and Evolution, Biology and Human Welfare, Etc. You can go through the syllabus button above to know more about the important topics of CBSE Board Class 12 Biology subject.
CBSE Class 12 Biology consist Theory (70 Marks) and Practical (30 Marks). The time duration of Theory & Practical exam is 3 hours separately. By clicking on the format button given above, you can get all the information and updates related to the format of CBSE Board Class 12 Biology.
CBSE Class 12 Biology (Theory) exam was conducted on 16 March 2023. For complete details of CBSE Board Class 12 exam date, click on the schedule button above.
CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E. The total number of questions will be 27. For more information related to the sections and weightage of the CBSE Board Class 12 Biology paper, you can go to the Format tab above.
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