Prepare UPSC CGS Prelims Exam with Free Study Material

UPSC CGS Prelims

Sample Papers

Previous Year Papers

Syllabus

EXAM SYLLABUS

The UPSC Civil Services syllabus is distinct for the Prelims and Mains stages. With the UPSC 2026 Prelims exam date announced, aspirants should thoroughly review the complete syllabus and plan their preparation in a structured and focused manner.

Paper-I: General Studies (Common for all streams)

Name of Test	Topic	Weightage
Paper-I: General Studies	Current events of national and international importance	120 Q
	History of India and the Indian National Movement
	Indian and World Geography
	Indian Polity and Governance
	Economic and Social Development
	General issues on Environmental Ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change
	General Science

Paper-II: Geology/Hydrogeology

Name of Test	Topic	Weightage
Geology/Hydrogeology	Physical Geology: Principle of uniformitarianism; origin, differentiation and internal structure of the Earth; origin of atmosphere; earthquakes and volcanoes; continental drift, sea-floor spreading, isostasy, orogeny and plate tectonics etc.	120 Q
	Structural Geology: Stress, strain and rheological properties of rocks; planar and linear structures; classification of folds and faults; Mohr's circle and criteria for failure of rocks; ductile and brittle shear in rocks; study of toposheets, V-rules and outcrop patterns, etc.
	Mineralogy: Elements of symmetry, notations and indices; Bravais lattices; chemical classification of minerals; isomorphism, polymorphism,etc.
	Igneous Petrology: Magma types and their evolution; IUGS classification of igneous rocks; forms, structures and textures of igneous rocks; applications of binary and ternary phase diagrams in petrogenesis,etc.
	Metamorphic Petrology: Limits, types and controls of metamorphism; metamorphic structures- slate, schist and gneiss; metamorphic textures- pre, syn and post tectonic porphyroblasts,etc.
	Sedimentology: Origin of sediments; sedimentary textures, grain-size scale; primary sedimentary structures; classification of sandstone and carbonate rocks, etc.
	Palaeontology: Fossils and processes of fossilization; concept of species and binomial nomenclature; morphology and classification of invertebrates (Trilobites, Brachiopods, Lamellibranchs, Gastropods and Cephalopods), etc.
	Stratigraphy: Law of superposition; stratigraphic nomenclature- lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy; Archaean cratonic nucleii of Peninsular India (Dharwar, Singhbhum, and Aravalli cratons); Proterozoic mobile belts, etc.
	Economic Geology: Properties of mineral deposits- form, mineral assemblage, texture, rock-ore association and relationship; magmatic, sedimentary, metamorphic, hydrothermal, etc.
	Hydrogeology: Groundwater occurrence and aquifer characteristics, porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity; Darcy's Law in homogenous and heterogenous media, etc.

Paper-II : Geophysics

Name of Test	Topic	Weightage
Geophysics	Solid Earth Geophysics: Introduction to Geophysics and its branches. Solar system: origin, formation and characteristics of planets, Earth: shape and rotation. Gravity and magnetic fields of earth. Geomagnetism, elements of earth's magnetism, Rock and mineral magnetism, etc.	120 Q
	Mathematical Methods in Geophysics: Elements of vector analysis, Vector algebra, Properties of scalars, vectors and tensors, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Gauss's divergence theorem, Stoke’s theorem. Matrices, Eigen values and Eigen vectors and their applications in geophysics, etc.
	Electromagnetism: Electrostatic and magneto-static fields, Coulomb's law, Electrical permittivity and dielectric constant, Lorentz force and their applications. Ampere's law, Biot and Savart's law, Gauss’s Theorem, Poisson's equation.

...

EXAM SYLLABUS

Paper-I: General Studies (Common for all streams)

Name of Test	Topic	Weightage
Paper-I: General Studies	Current events of national and international importance	120 Q
	History of India and the Indian National Movement
	Indian and World Geography
	Indian Polity and Governance
	Economic and Social Development
	General issues on Environmental Ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change
	General Science

Paper-II: Geology/Hydrogeology

Name of Test	Topic	Weightage
Geology/Hydrogeology	Physical Geology: Principle of uniformitarianism; origin, differentiation and internal structure of the Earth; origin of atmosphere; earthquakes and volcanoes; continental drift, sea-floor spreading, isostasy, orogeny and plate tectonics etc.	120 Q
	Structural Geology: Stress, strain and rheological properties of rocks; planar and linear structures; classification of folds and faults; Mohr's circle and criteria for failure of rocks; ductile and brittle shear in rocks; study of toposheets, V-rules and outcrop patterns, etc.
	Mineralogy: Elements of symmetry, notations and indices; Bravais lattices; chemical classification of minerals; isomorphism, polymorphism,etc.
	Igneous Petrology: Magma types and their evolution; IUGS classification of igneous rocks; forms, structures and textures of igneous rocks; applications of binary and ternary phase diagrams in petrogenesis,etc.
	Metamorphic Petrology: Limits, types and controls of metamorphism; metamorphic structures- slate, schist and gneiss; metamorphic textures- pre, syn and post tectonic porphyroblasts,etc.
	Sedimentology: Origin of sediments; sedimentary textures, grain-size scale; primary sedimentary structures; classification of sandstone and carbonate rocks, etc.
	Palaeontology: Fossils and processes of fossilization; concept of species and binomial nomenclature; morphology and classification of invertebrates (Trilobites, Brachiopods, Lamellibranchs, Gastropods and Cephalopods), etc.
	Stratigraphy: Law of superposition; stratigraphic nomenclature- lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy; Archaean cratonic nucleii of Peninsular India (Dharwar, Singhbhum, and Aravalli cratons); Proterozoic mobile belts, etc.
	Economic Geology: Properties of mineral deposits- form, mineral assemblage, texture, rock-ore association and relationship; magmatic, sedimentary, metamorphic, hydrothermal, etc.
	Hydrogeology: Groundwater occurrence and aquifer characteristics, porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity; Darcy's Law in homogenous and heterogenous media, etc.

Paper-II : Geophysics

Name of Test	Topic	Weightage
Geophysics	Solid Earth Geophysics: Introduction to Geophysics and its branches. Solar system: origin, formation and characteristics of planets, Earth: shape and rotation. Gravity and magnetic fields of earth. Geomagnetism, elements of earth's magnetism, Rock and mineral magnetism, etc.	120 Q
	Mathematical Methods in Geophysics: Elements of vector analysis, Vector algebra, Properties of scalars, vectors and tensors, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Gauss's divergence theorem, Stoke’s theorem. Matrices, Eigen values and Eigen vectors and their applications in geophysics, etc.
	Electromagnetism: Electrostatic and magneto-static fields, Coulomb's law, Electrical permittivity and dielectric constant, Lorentz force and their applications. Ampere's law, Biot and Savart's law, Gauss’s Theorem, Poisson's equation. Laplace's equation, etc.
	Geophysical Prospecting: Elements of geophysical methods: Principles, data reduction and applications of gravity, magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic and well logging methods. Fundamentals of seismic methods: Fermat’s Principle, Snell’s Law, etc.
	Remote Sensing and Thermodynamics: Fundamentals of remote sensing, electromagnetic spectrum, energy- frequency-wavelength relationship, Stefan-Boltzmann Law, etc.
	Nuclear Physics and Radiometry: Basic nuclear properties: size, shape, charge distribution, spin and parity; Binding energy, semi-empirical mass formula; Fission and fusion. Principles of radioactivity, Alpha, beta and gamma decays, Photoelectric and Compton Effect, etc.

Paper-II : Chemistry

Name of Test	Topic	Weightage
Chemistry	Chemical periodicity: Schrödinger equation for the H-atom. Radial distribution curves for 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 3d orbitals. Electronic configurations of multi-electron atoms. Periodic table, group trends and periodic trends in physical properties. Classification of elements on the basis of electronic configuration, etc.	120 Q
	Chemical bonding and structure: Ionic bonding: Size effects, radius ratio rules and their limitations. Packing of ions in crystals, lattice energy Covalent bonding: Valence Bond Theory, Molecular Orbital Theory, hybridization. Concept of resonance, resonance energy, resonance structures. Coordinate bonding: Werner theory of coordination compounds, double salts and complex salts. Ambidentate and polydentate ligands, etc.
	Acids and bases: Chemical and ionic equilibrium. Strengths of acids and bases. Ionization of weak acids and bases in aqueous solutions, application of Ostwald's dilution law, ionization constants, etc.
	The theoretical basis of quantitative inorganic analysis: Volumetric Analysis: Equivalent weights, different types of solutions, normal and molar solutions. Primary and secondary standard substances, etc.
	Kinetic theory and the gaseous state: Kinetic theory of gases, average kinetic energy of translation, Boltzmann constant and absolute scale of temperature. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of speeds,, etc.
	Chemical thermodynamics and chemical equilibrium: First law and its applications to chemical problems. Thermodynamic functions. Total differentials and state functions. Free expansion, Joule-Thomson coefficient and inversion temperature. Hess’ law, etc.
	Solutions of non-electrolytes: Colligative properties of solutions, Raoult's Law, relative lowering of vapour pressure, osmosis and osmotic pressure; elevation of boiling point, etc.
	Electrochemistry: Cell constant, specific conductance and molar conductance. Kohlrausch's law of independent migration of ions, ion conductance and ionic mobility, etc.
	Basic organic chemistry: Delocalized chemical bond, resonance, conjugation, hyperconjugation, hybridisation, orbital pictures of bonding, etc.
	Stereochemistry: Configuration and chirality (simple treatment of elements of symmetry), optical isomerism of compounds containing two to three stereogenic centres, etc.
	Molecular Rearrangements: Acid induced rearrangement and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements. Neighbouring group participation.

NOTE 1. Paper-I in General Studies of Stage-I is common for all streams, and its standard will be such as may be expected of a science graduate.

NOTE 2. Paper-II of Stage-I (Stream specific) and 3 compulsory papers of Stage-II each on Geology, Geophysics, Chemistry and Hydrogeology subjects will be approximately of the M.Sc. degree standard of an Indian University and questions will generally be set to test the candidate’s grasp of the fundamentals in each subject.

NOTE 3. There will be no practical examination in any of the subjects.???????

Format

EXAM PATTERN

Combined Geo-Scientist (Preliminary) Examination is held as an Objective Type Computer-based test divided into two papers namely Paper -I & Paper -II. Paper-I contains questions from General Studies, which is common to all streams. Paper II contains questions from respective streams.

Stream-I: Scientist 'B' (Hydrogeology)

Test Mode	Name of Test	No. of Questions	Maximum Marks	Duration
Objective Type Online Computer Based Test	Paper-I: General Studies	120 Q	100 Marks	120 Minutes
	Paper-II: Geology/Hydrogeology	120 Q	300 Marks	120 Minutes
	Total	240 Q	400 Marks	240 Minutes

Stream-II: Scientist ‘B’ (Geophysics)

Test Mode	Name of Test	No. of Questions	Maximum Marks	Duration
Objective Type Online Computer Based Test	Paper-I: General Studies	120 Q	100 Marks	120 Minutes
	Paper-II: Geophysics	120 Q	300 Marks	120 Minutes
	Total	240 Q	400 Marks	240 Minutes

Stream-III: Chemist and Scientist ‘B’ (Chemical)

Test Mode	Name of Test	No. of Questions	Maximum Marks	Duration
Objective Type Online Computer Based Test	Paper-I: General Studies	120 Q	100 Marks	120 Minutes
	Paper-II: Chemistry	120 Q	300 Marks	120 Minutes
	Total	240 Q

...

EXAM PATTERN

Stream-I: Scientist 'B' (Hydrogeology)

Test Mode	Name of Test	No. of Questions	Maximum Marks	Duration
Objective Type Online Computer Based Test	Paper-I: General Studies	120 Q	100 Marks	120 Minutes
	Paper-II: Geology/Hydrogeology	120 Q	300 Marks	120 Minutes
	Total	240 Q	400 Marks	240 Minutes

Stream-II: Scientist ‘B’ (Geophysics)

Test Mode	Name of Test	No. of Questions	Maximum Marks	Duration
Objective Type Online Computer Based Test	Paper-I: General Studies	120 Q	100 Marks	120 Minutes
	Paper-II: Geophysics	120 Q	300 Marks	120 Minutes
	Total	240 Q	400 Marks	240 Minutes

Stream-III: Chemist and Scientist ‘B’ (Chemical)

Test Mode	Name of Test	No. of Questions	Maximum Marks	Duration
Objective Type Online Computer Based Test	Paper-I: General Studies	120 Q	100 Marks	120 Minutes
	Paper-II: Chemistry	120 Q	300 Marks	120 Minutes
	Total	240 Q	400 Marks	240 Minutes

Mode of Examination

Objective type (OMR-based), two papers on the same day. Questions will be Multiple choice Objective Type.

Medium of Examination

The Question Papers will be set in English only.

Marking Scheme

There will be penalty (Negative Marking) for wrong answers marked by a candidate in the objective-type question papers.

1. There are four alternatives for the answers to every question. For each question for which a wrong answer has been given by the candidate, one-third of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted as penalty.

2. If a question is left blank, i.e. no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty for that question.

NOTE: The candidates are not permitted to use calculators for answering Objective Type Papers. They should therefore not bring the same inside the Examination Hall.

Eligibility

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

Candidates willing to apply for UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist are required to fulfil certain conditions to be eligible for it. The candidate who does not satisfy the Eligibility criteria like Age, Minimum educational qualification etc., their candidature shall be rejected by the authorities. The criteria for eligibility UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist are decided by the conduction body itself. The candidate’s eligibility for UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist Examination is based on the fulfilment of the following conditions:-

1. Nationality

2. Age Limit & Relaxations

3. Educational Qualifications

Nationality

A candidate must be either:

1. A citizen of India or

2. A subject of Nepal or A subject of Bhutan or

3. A Tibetan refugee who came to India before the 1^st of January 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India or

4. A person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma, Sri Lanka, or East African countries of Kenya, Uganda, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, and Ethiopia or from Vietnam with the intention of permanently settling in India.

Provided that a candidate belongs to categories (2), (3) and (4) above shall be a person in whose favor a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Government of India.

Age Limits (as on January 1, 2026)

Minimum: 21 years (born not earlier than January 2, 1994).

Maximum: 32 years (born not later than January 1, 2005).

Candidates must meet the age criteria specifically for the posts they apply for (e.g., Group 'A' vs. Group 'B').

Age Relaxations

For government servants

The upper age limit will be relaxable upto a maximum of 7 years in the case of Government servants, if they are employed in a Department mentioned in Column I below and apply for the corresponding post mentioned in column II.

Column I	Column II
Geological Survey of India	(i) Geologist Group ‘A’ (ii)Geophysicist Group ‘A (iii) Chemist Group ‘A’
Central Ground Water Board	(i) Scientist ‘B’ (Hydrogeology) Group ‘A’.
	(ii) Scientist ‘B’ (Hydrogeology) Group ‘A’.
	(iii)Scientist ‘B’ (Geophysics) Group ‘A’.

Further Relaxations

Categories	Age Relaxation
SC/ST	5 Years
OBC	3 Years
Defence Services Personnel disabled in operations during hostilities with any foreign country or in a disturbed area and released as a consequence thereof	3 Years
Ex-servicemen including Commissioned Officers and ECOs/SSCOs who have rendered at least five years Military Service	5 Years
Visually challenged/hearing impaired/physically challenged candidates	10 Years

Education Qualification

1. For Geologist Group ‘A’ in Geological Survey of India: Master’s degree in Geological Science or Geology or Applied Geology or Geo- Exploration or Mineral Exploration or Engineering Geology or Marine Geology or Earth Science and Resource Management or Oceanography and Coastal Areas Studies or Petroleum Geosciences or Geochemistry from a University incorporated by an Act of the Central or State Legislature in India or an educational institution established by an Act of Parliament or declared to be deemed university under section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 (3 of 1956) i.e. recognized University.

2. For Geophysicist Group ‘A’ in Geological Survey of India and Scientist ‘B’ (Geophysics) Group ‘A’ in C.G.W.B.: M.Sc. in Physics or Applied Physics or M.Sc. (Geophysics) or Integrated M.Sc. (Exploration Geophysics) or M.Sc (Applied Geophysics) or M.Sc. (Marine Geophysics) or M.Sc. (Tech.) (Applied Geophysics) from a University incorporated by an Act of Parliament or State Legislature in India or other educational institutes established by an Act of the Parliament or declared to be deemed universities under the University Grants Commission Act, 1956

3. For Chemist Group ‘A’ in Geological Survey of India and Scientist ‘B’ (Chemical) under C.G.W.B.: M. Sc. in Chemistry or Applied Chemistry or Analytical Chemistry from a University incorporated by an Act of Parliament or State Legislature or other educational Institutes established by an Act of the Parliament or declared to be deemed Universities under section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 i.e. recognized University.

...

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

1. Nationality

2. Age Limit & Relaxations

3. Educational Qualifications

Nationality

A candidate must be either:

1. A citizen of India or

2. A subject of Nepal or A subject of Bhutan or

3. A Tibetan refugee who came to India before the 1^st of January 1962 with the intention of permanently settling in India or

Provided that a candidate belongs to categories (2), (3) and (4) above shall be a person in whose favor a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Government of India.

Age Limits (as on January 1, 2026)

Minimum: 21 years (born not earlier than January 2, 1994).

Maximum: 32 years (born not later than January 1, 2005).

Candidates must meet the age criteria specifically for the posts they apply for (e.g., Group 'A' vs. Group 'B').

Age Relaxations

For government servants

Column I	Column II
Geological Survey of India	(i) Geologist Group ‘A’ (ii)Geophysicist Group ‘A (iii) Chemist Group ‘A’
Central Ground Water Board	(i) Scientist ‘B’ (Hydrogeology) Group ‘A’.
	(ii) Scientist ‘B’ (Hydrogeology) Group ‘A’.
	(iii)Scientist ‘B’ (Geophysics) Group ‘A’.

Further Relaxations

Categories	Age Relaxation
SC/ST	5 Years
OBC	3 Years
Defence Services Personnel disabled in operations during hostilities with any foreign country or in a disturbed area and released as a consequence thereof	3 Years
Ex-servicemen including Commissioned Officers and ECOs/SSCOs who have rendered at least five years Military Service	5 Years
Visually challenged/hearing impaired/physically challenged candidates	10 Years

Education Qualification

4. For Scientist ‘B’ (Hydrogeology) Group ‘A’ and Assistant (Hydrogeologist) Group ‘B’ in C.G.W.B.: Master’s degree in Geology or applied Geology or Marine Geology or Hydrogeology from a University incorporated by an Act of the Central or State Legislature in India or other educational Institutes established by an act of Parliament or declared to be deemed as Universities under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956.

5. For Assistant (Chemist) Group ‘B’ in C.G.W.B.: Master of Science or Integrated Master of Science in Chemistry or Applied Chemistry or Analytical Chemistry or Physical Chemistry or Inorganic Chemistry or Organic Chemistry or Hydro-Chemistry or Industrial Chemistry from a recognized university or institute.

Notes

Candidates with overlapping qualifications (e.g., Geology for both GSI Geologist and CGWB Scientist 'B' Hydrogeology) can apply for both categories in one application (no extra fee).

No minimum percentage/marks is specified in the degree — only possession of the qualifying degree is required.

Physical/medical fitness is required per the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, and cadre-specific standards (Functional Classification and Physical Requirements detailed in the full rules).

Other Key Conditions

Candidates must possess valid certificates for reservations/relaxations (SC/ST/OBC/EWS/PwBD/Ex-Servicemen) by the application closing date (23.09.2025).

For EWS: Income & Asset Certificate for FY 2024-2025, issued on/after 01.04.2025 but not later than 23.09.2025.

For OBC (Non-Creamy Layer): Certificate based on income for FY 2022-2023, 2023-2024, 2024-2025, issued on/after 01.04.2025.

No changes in category (e.g., General to Reserved) are allowed after application submission (except rare cases with gap <3 months in community notification).

PwBD sub-category changes are not permitted.

Full details (including appendices on plan of exam, physical requirements) are in the official notification on upsc.gov.in

Schedule

IMPORTANT DATES

The important dates for the UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist (CGS) Examination 2026 (as per the official notification No. 01/2026-GEOL dated 03.09.2025 and consistent updates from UPSC sources) are as follows. These are fixed unless changed by UPSC (check upsc.gov.in for any updates).

Events	Date
UPSC CGS Notification 2024	03/09/2025
Online Registration Starts	04/09/2025
Last Date to Apply Online	23/09/2025
UPSC CGS Prelims Exam Date	08/02/2026
UPSC CGS Mains Exam Date	20/06/2026

Analysis

EXAM ANALYSIS

Here is a complete, non-table, exam-oriented analysis of the UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist (CGS) Exam 2026, based on the latest 2025 cycle (Prelims + Mains) so you can clearly understand pattern, shifts, difficulty, and expected cutoffs.

About UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist Exam

Conducted by Union Public Service Commission

For posts like Geologist, Geophysicist, Chemist, Hydrogeologist

Selection stages:

Prelims (Objective)

Mains (Descriptive)

Interview

Last Conducted Exam (Latest Reference Cycle – 2025)

Prelims (2025)

Date: 9 February 2025

Conducted in one day

Mains (2025)

Dates: 21 & 22 June 2025

These are the latest full-cycle exams used for 2026 prediction

Shift Timing & Exam Schedule (Exact Details)

Prelims Shift Timing (2025)

Shift 1 (Paper I – General Studies): 9:30 AM – 11:30 AM

Shift 2 (Paper II – Subject): 2:00 PM – 4:00 PM

Key Points:

Two papers in a single day

Gap between shifts

No normalization (same day, same paper)

Mains Shift Timing (2025)

Conducted over 2 days with 2 shifts per day:

Morning shift: 9:00 AM – 12:00 Noon

Afternoon shift: 2:30 PM – 5:30 PM

Structure:

Day 1: Paper I & II

Day 2: Paper III + Hydrogeology (if applicable)

Exam Pattern (Confirmed)

Prelims

2 papers:

Paper I: General Studies (common)

Paper II: Subject (Geology / Geophysics / Chemistry)

Total: 400 marks

Objective type

Negative marking: 1/3rd deduction

Mains

3 descriptive papers (subject-specific)

Total: 600 marks

Highly technical, subjective answers required

Prelims Exam Analysis (2025 ? 2026 Trend)

Overall Difficulty: Moderate to Difficult

Unlike SSC/Banking:

Concept-heavy

Technical + academic depth required

Paper I (General Studies)

Topics:

Current affairs (science-based)

Environment

Basic geology concepts

General science

Difficulty: Moderate

Questions were conceptual + applied

Less factual, more analytical

Paper II (Subject Paper)

This is the deciding paper

For Geology:

Structural geology

Petrology

Stratigraphy

For Geophysics:

Numerical + theory mix

For Chemistry:

Physical + organic + analytical

Difficulty: Moderate to Difficult

Numerical + conceptual mix

Depth-based questions

Requires strong academic preparation

Prelims Good Attempts & Score Insight

Attempt depends on accuracy (not speed like SSC)

Safe attempt: around 60–70% of paper

Expected safe score:

Around 220–260 marks (out of 400)

Expected Prelims Cut-Off (Trend-Based)

Cutoffs vary by stream, but approximate safe ranges:

Geologist: ~220–250

Geophysicist: ~200–240

Chemist: ~230–270

Cutoff depends heavily on:

Paper difficulty

Number of vacancies

Stream competition

Mains Exam Analysis (2025)

Overall Difficulty: Moderate to Difficult

Real insight:

Not tricky, but very lengthy + technical

Requires deep conceptual clarity

Key Features

Fully descriptive answers

Numerical + theoretical mix

Requires:

Diagrams

Derivations

Structured explanations

Section-wise Nature

Geology / Geophysics / Chemistry Papers

Questions were:

Conceptual

Application-based

Standard UPSC level

Difficulty:

Moderate but time-consuming

Mains Performance Insight

Attempting all questions is difficult

Quality > quantity

Good performance:

Writing structured, precise answers

Covering ~70–80% effectively

Final Cut-Off Insight (2025 Trend)

...

Study Tips

STUDY TIPS

Preparing for the UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist (CGS) exam requires a well-structured approach that balances in-depth technical knowledge (Geology, Geophysics, or Chemistry) with General Studies (GS) preparation. The examination is conducted in three stages—Prelims (Objective), Mains (Descriptive), and the Personality Test.

1. Understand the Exam Pattern & Syllabus

Go through the Prelims and Mains syllabus in detail for your chosen discipline (Geology / Geophysics / Chemistry / Hydrogeology).

Focus on core concepts and numerical problems.

2. Strengthen Subject Fundamentals

Use standard textbooks and university-level notes.

Revise formulas, diagrams, and derivations regularly.

3. Practice Previous Year Questions

Solve UPSC CGS previous year papers to understand question trends and difficulty level.

Focus on concept-based and analytical questions.

4. Make Short Notes

Prepare concise revision notes for formulas, definitions, and key diagrams.

Revise them weekly.

5. Time Management & Mock Tests

Attempt mock tests under exam conditions.

Analyze mistakes to improve speed and accuracy.

6. Revision & Consistency

Revise each subject multiple times.

Maintain consistency rather than long study hours.

7. Interview Preparation (Later Stage)

Be clear with core subject concepts.

Stay updated with developments in earth sciences.

6-Month Study Plan

Month 1: Syllabus & Fundamentals

Understand UPSC CGS exam pattern and detailed syllabus

Start core subject basics (your optional discipline)

Revise important formulas, diagrams, and definitions

Study 4–5 hours daily

Month 2: Core Subject – Part 1

Continue in-depth theory of major topics

Solve topic-wise numerical and conceptual questions

Begin previous year questions (PYQs) side-by-side

Month 3: Core Subject – Part 2

Complete remaining syllabus of core subjects

Practice answer writing (Mains-oriented)

Revise previously covered topics weekly

Month 4: Revision + Prelims Focus

First full revision of entire syllabus

Attempt Prelims mock tests regularly

Improve speed and accuracy

Analyze mistakes thoroughly

Month 5: Mains Answer Writing

Focus on Mains descriptive practice

Practice diagrams, derivations, and numericals

Revise formulas and concepts daily

Attempt section-wise Mains mock tests

Month 6: Final Revision & Exam Readiness

Final revision of all subjects

Attempt full-length Prelims & Mains mock tests

Revise short notes and key formulas

Avoid new topics

Important Tips

PYQs are the most important resource

Focus on conceptual clarity + presentation

Revise diagrams and numericals regularly

Maintain consistency

3-Month Study Plan

Month 1: Core Concepts & Syllabus Coverage

Understand the UPSC CGS exam pattern and syllabus

Cover major theory topics of your core subject (Geology / Geophysics / Chemistry / Hydrogeology)

Make short notes for formulas, diagrams, and definitions

Solve topic-wise PYQs

Month 2: Practice & Strengthening

Complete remaining syllabus

...

General info

OVERVIEW

The Combined Geo-Scientist Examination, commonly known as CGS, is a national-level competitive examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) under the Government of India. Through this examination, candidates are recruited for various technical posts in central government departments such as the Geological Survey of India (GSI) under the Ministry of Mines and the Central Water Board (CWB) under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, for Group ‘A’ and Group ‘B’ positions.

For the UPSC CGS 2026, the primary objective of the examination is to select qualified candidates for Category-I posts, including Geologist, Geophysicist, Chemist, and Junior Hydrologist under the Central Government. This examination serves as the entry-level gateway for aspirants seeking a professional career in geoscience and allied technical services through the Union Public Service Commission.

Particulars	Details
Exam Full Name	Combined Geo-Scientist
Conducting Authority	Union Public Service Commission
Admission Purpose	To recruit various Group 'A' and Group 'B' scientific posts in earth sciences and related fields in the Government of India.
Exam Level	National
Application Mode	Offline
Exam Date	08 February 2026
Official Website	https://upsc.gov.in/

SELECTION PROCESS

The UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist (CGS) Examination 2026 is a multi-stage recruitment process conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) to fill Group 'A' and Group 'B' posts in the Geological Survey of India (GSI) under the Ministry of Mines and the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) under the Ministry of Jal Shakti. It is strictly merit-based, with provisional admission at every stage subject to final verification of eligibility, documents, and medical fitness.

The process consists of three successive stages:

1. Stage I: Preliminary Examination

Nature: Objective-type screening test (OMR-based).

Date: 8th February 2026.

Papers: Two papers (total 400 marks):

Paper-I: General Studies (100 marks, 2 hours).

Paper-II: Subject-specific (Geology/Hydrogeology, Geophysics, or Chemistry; 300 marks, 2 hours).

Negative Marking: 1/3rd marks deducted for wrong answers.

Purpose: To shortlist candidates for the Main Examination. Marks from Prelims are counted toward deciding the final merit in some contexts, but primarily serve as a qualifier.

Shortlisting Ratio: Approximately 6-7 times the number of vacancies (to allow for the Main stage).

Outcome: Candidates qualifying the Prelims (based on cut-off decided by UPSC) are declared qualified and allowed to appear for the Main Examination. Results are published on upsc.gov.in.

2. Stage II: Main Examination

Nature: Descriptive/Conventional type (pen-paper).

Date: 20th & 21st June 2026.

Papers: Three papers (total 600 marks, 3 hours each), subject-specific (Geology, Geophysics, or Chemistry stream based on applied category).

Purpose: To assess in-depth knowledge and analytical skills. Marks from Mains are counted for the final merit.

Shortlisting for Interview: Candidates who secure minimum qualifying marks (as decided by UPSC) in the Mains are called for the Personality Test. The number shortlisted is typically based on vacancies and merit.

Outcome: Main results are declared, and qualified candidates proceed to the Interview stage.

3. Stage III: Personality Test / Interview

Marks: 200

Nature: Oral interview by a UPSC board (usually 20-30 minutes).

Purpose: To evaluate personality, suitability for geo-scientific roles, depth of subject knowledge, communication skills, awareness of current geo-scientific issues (e.g., mineral exploration, groundwater management, natural hazards), and general awareness.

No fixed syllabus: Questions draw from bio-data, Mains performance, and relevant current affairs.

Outcome: Marks are added to Mains for final merit.

Final Merit List and Allocation

Final Merit Calculation: Based on Mains (600 marks) + Personality Test (200 marks) = 800 marks total. Prelims marks may influence shortlisting, but are not added to the final merit list in standard practice (though notification notes they count for final merit in some aspects).

...

OVERVIEW

Particulars	Details
Exam Full Name	Combined Geo-Scientist
Conducting Authority	Union Public Service Commission
Admission Purpose	To recruit various Group 'A' and Group 'B' scientific posts in earth sciences and related fields in the Government of India.
Exam Level	National
Application Mode	Offline
Exam Date	08 February 2026
Official Website	https://upsc.gov.in/

SELECTION PROCESS

The process consists of three successive stages:

1. Stage I: Preliminary Examination

Nature: Objective-type screening test (OMR-based).

Date: 8th February 2026.

Papers: Two papers (total 400 marks):

Paper-I: General Studies (100 marks, 2 hours).

Paper-II: Subject-specific (Geology/Hydrogeology, Geophysics, or Chemistry; 300 marks, 2 hours).

Negative Marking: 1/3rd marks deducted for wrong answers.

Purpose: To shortlist candidates for the Main Examination. Marks from Prelims are counted toward deciding the final merit in some contexts, but primarily serve as a qualifier.

Shortlisting Ratio: Approximately 6-7 times the number of vacancies (to allow for the Main stage).

Outcome: Candidates qualifying the Prelims (based on cut-off decided by UPSC) are declared qualified and allowed to appear for the Main Examination. Results are published on upsc.gov.in.

2. Stage II: Main Examination

Nature: Descriptive/Conventional type (pen-paper).

Date: 20th & 21st June 2026.

Papers: Three papers (total 600 marks, 3 hours each), subject-specific (Geology, Geophysics, or Chemistry stream based on applied category).

Purpose: To assess in-depth knowledge and analytical skills. Marks from Mains are counted for the final merit.

Outcome: Main results are declared, and qualified candidates proceed to the Interview stage.

3. Stage III: Personality Test / Interview

Marks: 200

Nature: Oral interview by a UPSC board (usually 20-30 minutes).

No fixed syllabus: Questions draw from bio-data, Mains performance, and relevant current affairs.

Outcome: Marks are added to Mains for final merit.

Final Merit List and Allocation

Merit Position: Candidates are ranked in order of merit within their category (General, SC/ST/OBC/EWS/PwBD, etc.).

Post Allocation:

Strictly according to merit position, number of vacancies, and preferences (candidates can apply for one or both categories — GSI or CGWB — in one application).

Separate merit lists for:

Category-I: Posts in GSI (Geologist, Geophysicist, Chemist Group 'A').

Category-II: Posts in CGWB (Scientist 'B' in Hydrogeology/Chemical/Geophysics Group 'A'; Assistant Hydrogeologist/Chemist/Geophysicist Group 'B').

Selection is category-wise and vacancy-specific. Overlapping qualifications allow competition in both, but allocation follows merit and vacancies separately.

Reservation: Applied as per Government rules (SC/ST/OBC/EWS/PwBD/Ex-Servicemen). Reservations are category-specific and cannot be interchanged post-result except in rare documented cases.

Final Result: Declared by UPSC after Interview. Recommended candidates receive appointment letters from respective ministries (Mines for GSI, Jal Shakti for CGWB).

Steps After Merit List

Document Verification: Conducted after qualifying for Interview/Personality Test (or post-final result). Original documents (educational certificates, age proof, category certificates, photo ID, etc.) are verified. Provisional admission can be cancelled if discrepancies arise.

Medical Examination: Candidates must meet prescribed physical/medical standards (as per Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, and cadre-specific Functional Classification/Physical Requirements). For PwBD candidates, disability must be ?40% and suitable for the post.

Appointment: On temporary basis initially. Final offer depends on clearance of all verifications and fitness. No withdrawal of application is allowed post-submission.

Key Notes

Admission at all stages is purely provisional; mere issue of admit card does not guarantee eligibility.

No request for category change (e.g., General to Reserved) is entertained after application, except exceptional cases (<3 months gap in community notification).

The process emphasizes merit, with strict adherence to rules notified in the Gazette of India (dated 03.09.2025).

For the most accurate and latest details (including any updates), refer to the official notification PDF on upsc.gov.in.

2026 exam

LATEST UPDATE

The Union Public Service Commission Combined Geo-Scientist (CGS) Preliminary Examination for the 2026 cycle is scheduled to be held on 8 February 2026, with the exam conducted in two shifts. The official notification for UPSC CGS 2026 was released on September 3, 2025, and the application window closed on September 23, 2025. Candidates who successfully clear the Preliminary Examination will be eligible to appear for the Main Examination, which is scheduled to take place on 20 June 2026.

IMPORTANT DATES

Events	Date
UPSC CGS Notification 2024	03/09/2025
Online Registration Starts	04/09/2025
Last Date to Apply Online	23/09/2025
UPSC CGS Prelims Exam Date	08/02/2026
UPSC CGS Mains Exam Date	20/06/2026

VACANCY DETAILED

The UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist (CGS) 2026 exam has 85 vacancies in various scientific posts, including Geologist (39), Geophysicist (2), Chemist (15), and several Scientist ‘B’ and assistant-level posts across geological and hydrogeological departments. These positions are Group A and Group B roles recruited through Prelims, Mains, and Interview stages. The exam is conducted at the national level by UPSC with job locations across India.

The categories of post to which recruitment is to be made on the results of this examination and the approximate number of vacancies in the various posts are given below:-

Name of Posts	Number of vacancies
Geologist, Group A	39
GeoPhysicist, Group A	02
Chemist, Group A	15
NOTE : Following 9 vacancies are reserved for Persons with Benchmark Disability: 09 vacancies of Geologist { 05 Locomotor disability or Cerebral Palsy {OH(OA/OL) and 04 HH}
Category II: (Posts in the Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation.)
Scientist ‘B’ (Hydrogeology) Group A

...

LATEST UPDATE

IMPORTANT DATES

Events	Date
UPSC CGS Notification 2024	03/09/2025
Online Registration Starts	04/09/2025
Last Date to Apply Online	23/09/2025
UPSC CGS Prelims Exam Date	08/02/2026
UPSC CGS Mains Exam Date	20/06/2026

VACANCY DETAILED

The categories of post to which recruitment is to be made on the results of this examination and the approximate number of vacancies in the various posts are given below:-

Name of Posts	Number of vacancies
Geologist, Group A	39
GeoPhysicist, Group A	02
Chemist, Group A	15
NOTE : Following 9 vacancies are reserved for Persons with Benchmark Disability: 09 vacancies of Geologist { 05 Locomotor disability or Cerebral Palsy {OH(OA/OL) and 04 HH}
Category II: (Posts in the Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation.)
Scientist ‘B’ (Hydrogeology) Group A	05
Scientist ‘B (Chemical) Group A	02
Scientist ‘B (GeoPhysics) Group A	01
Assistant Hydrogeologist, Group ‘B’	18
Assistant Chemist, Group ‘B’	02
Assistant Geophysicist, Group ‘B’	01

SALARY STRUCTURE

For the UPSC CGS 2026 recruitment (as per the notification for posts in Geological Survey of India and Central Ground Water Board), selected candidates receive salaries under the 7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) Pay Matrix.

Group 'A' Posts (e.g., Geologist Group 'A', Geophysicist Group 'A', Chemist Group 'A', Scientist 'B' (Hydrogeology/Chemical/Geophysics) Group 'A'): These are at Pay Level 10 with starting basic pay of 56,100 (Grade Pay equivalent ?5,400 in pre-7th CPC terms). Gross in-hand salary (including current Dearness Allowance ~58-60% as of early 2026, HRA up to 27% in X-class cities like major metros, Transport Allowance, and other perks) typically ranges from 80,000 – 1,20,000 per month initially, depending on posting city and allowances.

Group 'B' Posts (e.g., Assistant Hydrogeologist, Assistant Chemist, Assistant Geophysicist Group 'B'): These are generally at Pay Level 8 (basic pay starting around ?47,600). In-hand salary is lower, approximately 60,000 – 90,000 per month after adding allowances.

Salaries include benefits like medical facilities (CGHS), pension under NPS, field allowances (relevant for geo-scientific roles involving surveys/exploration), leave travel concession, and job security. Pay increases with annual increments, promotions (e.g., to Senior Geologist after 4-5 years), and future revisions (8th CPC discussions ongoing, potentially from 2026). Exact in-hand varies by location (HRA: 27%/18%/9% for X/Y/Z cities), DA revisions (bi-annual), and deductions (PF, tax, etc.). For precise details, refer to the official UPSC notification or DoPT guidelines post-selection.

HOW TO APPLY

The application window for the UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist (CGS) Examination 2026 (Prelims) closed on 23rd September 2025 (till 18:00 hours), as per the official notification (No. 01/2026-GEOL, dated 03.09.2025). Since the current date is January 12, 2026, applications are no longer open for this cycle — the process has moved past submission to later stages (e.g., admit cards for Prelims on 8th February 2026 are typically issued in the preceding week).

UPSC has introduced a new Online Application Portal with four parts/modules. The old One Time Registration (OTR) is discontinued — you must start fresh on this portal.

1. Visit the Official Portal. Go to https://upsconline.nic.in

Create an Account (Account Creation)

On the homepage, click to create a new account.

Provide basic details: name, email, mobile number, etc.

Use a valid, active email ID (UPSC communicates via email/SMS).

Strongly recommended: Use Aadhaar Card for seamless ID verification and authentication.

2. Complete Universal Registration (Generate URN)

Fill the Universal Registration Number (URN) module.

Provide personal details: date of birth, gender, category (SC/ST/OBC/EWS/General), photo ID card details (Aadhaar/Voter/PAN/Passport/Driving Licence/State-issued ID), etc.

Upload a scanned copy of the chosen Photo ID (mandatory).

This URN is a lifetime — register once and reuse for all future UPSC exams.

You can complete this anytime (even before notification), but it's required before proceeding.

3. Fill the Common Application Form (CAF)

Fill personal, educational, category/reservation claims (e.g., SC/ST/OBC/EWS/PwBD/Ex-Servicemen), address, etc.

Upload required documents/scans (photo, signature, certificates if claiming reservation — ensure formats/sizes match instructions).

Photo guidelines: Not older than 10 days from application start date; name and date clearly mentioned; face occupies 3/4th space; appearance must match throughout exam stages (e.g., beard/spectacles consistent).

Pay the application fee (if applicable — usually ?200 for General/OBC males; exemptions for females/SC/ST/PwBD). Payment via online modes (net banking, card, UPI).

4. Fill the Exam-Specific Form (4th Part)

Available only during the notification window (e.g., 03.09.2025 to 23.09.2025 for 2026).

Select the exam (Combined Geo-Scientist 2026).

Choose category/posts (Category I for GSI, Category II for CGWB — you can apply for both in one form if eligible, no extra fee).

Select preferred exam centre (first-apply-first-allot basis; limited slots in some centres).

Review all details carefully — no changes/additions/deletions allowed after final submission (even during window, editing is limited to CAF before submission).

5. Final Submission and Confirmation

Preview the form.

Submit and pay fee (if not exempted).

Download/print the application confirmation page (with registration number).

No withdrawal allowed after submission.

Important Reminders

Documents to Prepare in Advance: Scanned Photo ID, recent passport-size photo (with date/name), signature, category certificates (EWS/OBC based on recent FY income), etc.

Helpline: For issues (fee payment, uploads), contact 011-23385271 / 011-23381125 / 011-23098543 (or helpline in notification: 011-24041001 during window).

Admit Card: Download from upsconline.nic.in later (e-Admission Certificate, no postal dispatch).

No Offline Mode: Online only — no postal/hand applications accepted.

Provisional Admission: At all stages (Prelims/Mains/Interview), admission is provisional; final clearance after document/medical verification.

EXAM CENTERS

The Exam centres for the UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist (CGS) Examination 2026 are specified in the official notification. The centres differ by stage of the examination.

Prelims Examination

1. Ahmedabad

2. Bengaluru (Bangalore)

2. Bhopal

4. Chandigarh

5. Chennai

6. Cuttack

7. Delhi

8. Dispur (Guwahati)

9. Hyderabad

10. Jaipur

11. Jammu

Kolkata

12. Lucknow

13. Mumbai

14. Patna

15. Prayagraj (Allahabad)

16. Shillong

17. Shimla

18. Thiruvananthapuram

19. Noida (Gautam Buddh Nagar)

20. Gurugram

21. Ghaziabad

22. Faridabad

Main Examination

1. Bhopal

2. Chennai

3. Delhi

4. Dispur (Guwahati)

5. Hyderabad

6. Kolkata

7. Lucknow

8. Mumbai

9. Shimla

ADMIT CARD

The admit card or hall ticket for the UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist (CGS) Preliminary Examination 2026 has not yet been released. According to the official notification:

Eligible candidates will be issued an admit card on the last working day of the preceding week of the examination date.

The Prelims exam is scheduled for 8th February 2026 (Sunday).

This means the admit card is expected to be made available for download around late January 2026 to early February 2026 (likely 30th January to 6th February 2026, depending on working days; typically 7-10 days before the exam).

How to Download Admit Card 2026

1. Visit the official UPSC portal: https://upsconline.nic.in

2. Look for the link: "admit card: Combined Geo-Scientist (Preliminary) Examination, 2026"

3. Log in using your credentials:

Universal Registration Number (URN) (generated during application).

Date of Birth (as entered in the application).

Captcha or other verification.

Download and print the admit card (PDF format). No physical admit card is sent by post.

Carry a printed copy along with the original Photo ID (Aadhaar/Voter/PAN/Passport/Driving Licence/etc.) whose details were provided during application. The same ID must be used throughout (Prelims, Mains, Interview).

Important Instructions from the Notification

Provide a valid active email ID during account creation — UPSC may send notifications/updates electronically.

Check details on the admit card carefully (name, roll number, centre, photo, etc.). Report any discrepancies immediately via email to UPSC (e.g., usgeol-upsc@nic.in for applicant data issues or system-upsc@gov.in for technical problems).

Reach the exam venue at least 30 minutes before the session starts — no late entry allowed.

Mobile phones/electronic devices are strictly banned (even switched off); violation leads to disqualification and future bans.

Admission is provisional — final eligibility verified later (after qualifying stages).

All centres (as listed earlier: Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Bhopal, etc.) support PwBD candidates.

EXAM RESULT

The UPSC Combined Geo-Scientist (CGS) Result 2026 will be released on the official website upsc.gov.in in PDF format. Candidates can check their roll number to see their qualification status for the next stage of the selection process.

Step 1: Visit the Official UPSC Website

Go to the official UPSC result page: https://upsc.gov.in

Step 2: Go to the “What’s New” / Results Section

On the homepage, find and click the link that says:
“UPSC CGS 2026 Result / Combined Geo-Scientist Result”

Step 3: Open the Result PDF

A PDF file with the list of qualified candidates will open.

Step 4: Search Your Roll Number

Use Ctrl + F (Find) and enter your Roll Number to check your result quickly.

Step 5: Download & Save

Click Download to save the PDF to your device.
You can also print a copy for future reference.

Important Note

UPSC CGS results are usually released in PDF format.

Results show only the roll numbers of qualified candidates.

For the Mains stage results, the same process applies again when announced.

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