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India’s planned Venus orbiter mission, known as Shukrayaan, is an ambitious interplanetary project aimed at exploring Venus in detail, with scientific collaboration from Sweden. The mission will carry 19 scientific payloads to investigate the planet’s atmosphere, exosphere, surface characteristics, weather patterns, and fast-moving super-rotating clouds.

India–Sweden Space Collaboration

Sweden has officially joined the Shukrayaan mission through a scientific cooperation agreement with India. As part of the partnership, the Swedish Institute of Space Physics will develop the Venusian Neutrals Analyser (VNA), an instrument designed to study how charged solar particles interact with Venus’s atmosphere and exosphere.

Mission Details and Orbital Plan

The Union Cabinet approved the Venus orbiter mission in 2024 with a budget allocation of Rs 1,236 crore. ISRO plans to launch the spacecraft aboard the LVM-3 rocket. After launch, the orbiter will initially enter an elliptical trajectory before being inserted into Venus’s orbit. The proposed operational orbit includes a periapsis of 500 km and an apoapsis of 60,000 km around the planet.

Key Scientific Goals

Through Shukrayaan, ISRO aims to closely examine Venus’s thick atmosphere, volcanic terrain, and complex cloud systems. Scientists are also interested in understanding whether Venus may once have supported liquid water before evolving into the extreme greenhouse world seen today. The spacecraft is expected to arrive at Venus by July 2028 following an approximately 112-day journey. ISRO successfully completed the mission’s Preliminary Design Review in April 2026.

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