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Researchers from the CSIR–National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), Hyderabad, have identified a hidden ancient river system beneath the Prayagraj–Kanpur region of Uttar Pradesh. This buried course is known as a palaeo-channel, meaning an old river channel that has been covered over by soil and sediments over long geological periods.

Understanding Palaeo-Channels

A palaeo-channel refers to a former river pathway that is no longer active but remains preserved underground. These channels are often filled with materials like sand and silt and can also act as groundwater reservoirs. In this case, the structure is located approximately 10–15 metres below the surface and extends for nearly 200 kilometres between Prayagraj and Kanpur.

Methods Used for Identification

The presence of this buried river system was detected through airborne geophysical surveys carried out using helicopters. To confirm the findings, scientists conducted drilling operations at several sites, including Sarai Akil, Sirathu, Manjhanpur, Fatehpur, and Balwant Tola.

The borehole samples revealed thick sandy layers consistent with deposits formed by ancient river activity, supporting the interpretation of a palaeo-channel.

Groundwater Potential and Aquifer Characteristics

The identified system is part of a deeper aquifer and continues to hold groundwater. Scientists estimate its storage capacity to be around 3,500 to 4,000 million cubic metres, with a width ranging between 4 and 5 kilometres. This makes it an important subsurface water reserve for the region.

Implications for Water Management

The study has identified over 150 potential sites for Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR), which can help improve groundwater levels and support surface water flow. Out of these, 20 to 25 sites are planned for initial development by CSIR–NGRI to enhance groundwater replenishment.

Possible Link to the Saraswati River

The buried channel has been tentatively associated with references to the ancient Saraswati River near the Triveni Sangam. However, researchers clarify that more comprehensive geological evidence, particularly from Himalayan sources, is necessary before any definitive conclusion can be drawn about such a connection.

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