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Russia carried out a test launch of the Sarmat super-heavy intercontinental ballistic missile on 12 May 2026 from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome located in the Arkhangelsk region. According to Russian authorities, the missile successfully struck its intended target at the Kura test range on the Kamchatka Peninsula. The launch was presented as part of Russia’s broader effort to modernise its nuclear deterrence capabilities.

Sarmat Missile System

The Sarmat is a liquid-fuelled intercontinental ballistic missile developed for Russia’s Strategic Missile Forces. NATO refers to the missile as the SS-29 Satan II. It is designed to replace the ageing Soviet-era R-36M2 Voyevoda missile system, known in NATO terminology as the SS-18 Satan. The missile is capable of carrying multiple nuclear warheads and is intended to evade advanced missile defence systems.

Launch Sites and Planned Deployment

The Plesetsk Cosmodrome, situated in Russia’s Arkhangelsk region, is a major military launch facility used for both missile tests and space missions. The Kura test range on the Kamchatka Peninsula serves as a designated impact zone for long-range missile trials. Russia has announced plans to place the first Sarmat missile regiment on combat duty in the Uzhur missile formation in Krasnoyarsk Krai before the end of 2026.

Testing History and Capabilities

The Sarmat programme has experienced several setbacks during development, including reported failed tests and delays. In September 2024, a failed launch allegedly created a crater around 60 metres wide near a silo at the Plesetsk site. Another suspected failure was reported in November 2025, when the missile reportedly crashed shortly after lift-off. The missile has been described as having a range of more than 35,000 kilometres.

Russia’s Strategic Nuclear Forces

Russia’s nuclear deterrence structure consists of land-based intercontinental missiles, submarine-launched ballistic missiles, and long-range strategic bombers. The Uzhur formation in Krasnoyarsk Krai is one of the key bases associated with the country’s Strategic Missile Forces.

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