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EPFO & ESIC Expansion: Social Security For Unorganised Workers In India

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EPFO & ESIC Expansion: Social Security For Unorganised Workers In India
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Description

The Government of India is evaluating a major reform to extend social security benefits to workers in the unorganised sector by bringing them under the coverage of Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) and Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC). The proposal aims to provide pension and health insurance benefits to millions of workers, including gig and platform workers, who currently remain outside formal welfare systems.

Government’s Statement in Parliament

Union Minister of State for Labour and Employment Shobha Karandlaje informed the Lok Sabha that discussions are ongoing within the Labour Ministry to include unorganised workers in pension schemes.

This initiative is part of a broader vision to achieve universal social security, ensuring that all categories of workers receive financial protection in terms of retirement income and healthcare.

Broadening the Social Security Net

The proposed policy could benefit nearly 32 crore workers from the unorganised sector, including gig and platform-based workers. It aligns with the objectives of the Four Labour Codes, which aim to expand social security coverage across all sectors.

At present, a large portion of India’s informal workforce lacks access to structured pension schemes and health insurance, making this reform a significant step toward inclusion.

Proposed Contribution Structure

Early discussions indicate a model that combines voluntary contributions from workers with financial support from the government. This approach is intended to keep the schemes affordable while ensuring long-term sustainability.

As more workers join the system, economies of scale may help reduce insurance premiums, making benefits more accessible to low-income groups.

Important Facts for Exams

  • EPFO provides provident fund and pension benefits primarily to organised sector employees.

  • ESIC offers medical care and health insurance coverage.

  • Unorganised workers include gig workers, platform workers, and informal labourers.

  • The Four Labour Codes aim to universalise social security in India.

Reforms and Future Outlook

The government is also working to improve service delivery through digital platforms and doorstep services for pension access. Efforts are being made to simplify registration and improve accessibility.

However, challenges such as affordability, large-scale enrolment, and effective implementation remain key concerns. If successfully executed, this reform could significantly strengthen India’s social security framework and improve the livelihoods of millions.


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