India Achieves Breakthrough in Sahiwal Cattle Breeding Using OPU–IVF Technology

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India has marked a major advancement in livestock biotechnology with the successful production of Sahiwal calves using advanced reproductive techniques. Scientists at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research–Indian Veterinary Research Institute in Izatnagar, Bareilly, achieved this using Ovum Pick-Up, In Vitro Fertilisation, and Embryo Transfer (OPU–IVF–ET) technology. This achievement is expected to boost conservation and genetic enhancement of indigenous cattle breeds.

Advancement in Indigenous Breeding

The use of OPU–IVF–ET technology allows rapid multiplication of animals with superior genetic traits. Scientists collect oocytes from high-quality Sahiwal cattle and fertilise them under controlled laboratory conditions. The resulting embryos are then implanted into surrogate cows, enabling faster and more efficient propagation of desirable characteristics.

About Sahiwal Cattle

Sahiwal cattle are considered one of the finest indigenous dairy breeds in India. They originated from the Sahiwal region of Punjab, now in Pakistan. The breed is also known by several names, including Lambi Bar, Lola, Montgomery, Multani, and Teli. These cattle typically have a reddish-brown coat, ranging from light to dark shades, sometimes with white markings, while bulls often show darker coloration on their extremities.

Key Features and Productivity

Sahiwal cattle are highly valued for their milk production, with an average yield of around 2,325 kilograms per lactation, ranging between 1,600 and 2,750 kilograms. They are well adapted to harsh climatic conditions, showing strong heat tolerance, resistance to ticks, and immunity against various parasites. Due to these qualities, the breed has been exported to multiple regions across Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean.

Key Facts for Exams

• Sahiwal cattle is a top indigenous milch breed in India.

• It originates from the Sahiwal region in Punjab, Pakistan.

• Known for high milk yield, heat tolerance, and disease resistance.

• Also called Lambi Bar, Montgomery, Multani, and Teli.

Understanding OPU–IVF Technology

Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) is a modern reproductive technique that enables the collection of oocytes from live animals using ultrasound guidance. These cells are then matured, fertilised, and developed into embryos in laboratory conditions. The embryos are transferred into synchronised recipient animals, resulting in offspring with known genetic traits. This method shortens breeding cycles, accelerates genetic improvement, and can even allow oocyte retrieval from pregnant animals under specific conditions.

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