Delhi Tests “Smog-Eating” Road Coatings with IIT Madras to Fight Air Pollution

The government of Delhi, in partnership with Indian Institute of Technology Madras, has launched research on “smog-eating” road coatings. The project aims to test innovative scientific methods to tackle increasing air pollution, especially harmful gaseous emissions in urban environments.

What is Photocatalytic Coating?

Photocatalytic coatings are advanced materials designed to reduce air pollution by breaking down harmful gases such as nitrogen dioxide and volatile organic compounds. These coatings commonly use Titanium dioxide, a cost-effective and stable substance that can be applied to surfaces like roads, pavements, and buildings. Its adaptability makes it suitable for large-scale use in cities.

How the Technology Works

The process behind this technology is known as Photocatalysis. When exposed to sunlight, titanium dioxide becomes active and initiates chemical reactions that convert harmful pollutants into less dangerous substances. This helps in cleaning the air and reducing overall pollution levels.

Benefits and Practical Use

TiO?-based coatings have shown promise in reducing gaseous pollutants. When used on roads or infrastructure, they continuously interact with pollutants, offering a passive and long-term method of air purification. Such solutions can complement existing pollution control strategies, particularly in densely populated and traffic-heavy cities.

Key Facts for Exams

• Titanium dioxide is widely used in photocatalytic coatings.

• Photocatalysis uses light energy to break down pollutants.

• These coatings help reduce nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons.

• They can be applied to roads and building surfaces for pollution control.

Understanding Smog

Smog is a type of air pollution formed by the combination of smoke, gases, and fog. It consists of various pollutants created under specific atmospheric conditions. There are two primary types: sulfurous smog, which results from sulfur oxide emissions mainly from coal use, and photochemical smog, which is common in cities and forms due to vehicle emissions interacting with sunlight.

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