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India is preparing a major upgrade of its space-based intelligence and surveillance capabilities after shortcomings were revealed during Operation Sindoor and a recent four-day military standoff with Pakistan. The government plans to launch more than 50 advanced spy satellites equipped with night-time and all-weather imaging to strengthen border monitoring, improve battlefield awareness, and reduce dependence on foreign satellite imagery.

A key aspect of the plan is the transition from traditional electro-optical satellites to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology, which enables high-resolution imaging even at night and through cloud cover. This will allow continuous, real-time surveillance regardless of weather or lighting conditions, significantly enhancing India’s ability to track movements and gather critical intelligence.

The expansion will be carried out under Phase-3 of the Space-Based Surveillance (SBS) programme, approved by the Cabinet Committee on Security in October last year. More than 50 satellites will be launched in this phase, developed jointly by ISRO and private Indian companies, reflecting growing public–private collaboration. The overall plan envisions deploying up to 150 satellites at an estimated cost of Rs 260 billion.

In addition, India is improving satellite-to-satellite communication systems to enable faster data sharing without relying heavily on ground stations. The government is also exploring overseas ground stations to improve global coverage and developing “bodyguard satellites” to safeguard Indian spacecraft, underscoring the increasing importance of space security in modern defence planning.

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