Ancient Buddhist Complex Unearthed in Zehanpora Village of Jammu and Kashmir

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A significant archaeological find in Jammu and Kashmir has brought renewed attention to the region’s ancient Buddhist legacy. Excavations at Zehanpora village in Baramulla district have uncovered a 2,000-year-old Buddhist complex, drawing national attention and prompting Prime Minister Narendra Modi to call the discovery a moment of pride that highlights Kashmir’s rich civilisational history.

Findings from Excavation and Survey Work

The remains were identified following detailed archaeological excavations and surveys of earthen mounds in Zehanpora that initially appeared unremarkable. Drone-based mapping confirmed that the formations were man-made. Archaeologists unearthed stupas, monastic structures, and architectural remains dating to the Kushan period, providing concrete evidence of an organised Buddhist presence in the Kashmir Valley nearly two millennia ago.

Connection to the Kushan Period

Experts suggest that Zehanpora may have been a prominent Buddhist centre associated with the Kushan-era capital Huvishkapura, whose precise location has long remained uncertain. The design of stupa bases and monastic cells closely resembles Gandharan architectural patterns, pointing to strong cultural and religious ties between Kashmir and north-western Buddhist centres during the Kushan age.

Importance of Ancient Trade and Pilgrimage Routes

Zehanpora lies along a historic route that once linked Gandhara and Kashmir, serving both trade and pilgrimage purposes. Scholars believe this strategic position enabled the movement of monks, merchants, and religious ideas, reinforcing Kashmir’s role as a cultural bridge in ancient South Asia. The excavation was jointly carried out by the Department of Archives, Archaeology and Museums, Jammu and Kashmir, in collaboration with the University of Kashmir.

Broader Historical Significance

Speaking during his “Man Ki Baat” radio programme, Prime Minister Modi noted that rare archival images of stupas preserved in a French museum played a key role in piecing together historical evidence that led to the rediscovery. Officials stated that the site adds new layers to Kashmir’s historical narrative and underscores its identity as a meeting point of multiple civilisations, potentially reshaping understanding of the region’s ancient past.

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