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Description
Karnataka has introduced the Karnataka Hate Speech and Hate Crimes (Prevention) Bill, 2025, aiming to address the rising trend of hate-driven speech and offenses. The legislation establishes clear definitions, strong penalties, and regulatory powers, while also raising questions about whether private conversations could be affected.
What Counts as Hate Speech
The Bill classifies hate speech as any words, signs, visuals, or digital communication shared in public with the intention of creating hostility, discrimination, or hatred toward a person or group. By emphasizing public communication, the law generally excludes private exchanges between individuals.
Protected Groups
The law recognizes multiple characteristics as grounds for protection, including religion, caste, race, gender, sexual orientation, birthplace, residence, language, disability, and tribal identity. Any public communication that spreads hostility against these groups may be treated as a hate crime.
Punishments and Accountability
Offenses under the Bill are cognizable and non-bailable. First-time offenders may face 1–7 years in prison and a fine of Rs 50,000, while repeat violations could result in 2–10 years imprisonment and a Rs 1,00,000 fine. Courts can also order compensation for victims. Leaders of organisations may be held responsible for unlawful acts committed by members of their organisation.
Regulatory Oversight and Exceptions
The Bill allows the State Government to appoint a Designated Officer with the authority to instruct intermediaries and online platforms to remove hateful content. However, exceptions are provided for content that serves the public interest, such as works related to education, art, literature, science, culture, or religion, protecting freedom of legitimate expression.
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