Description

In a significant step toward international recognition, Andhra Pradesh’s Erra Matti Dibbalu (Red Sand Dunes) and the Tirumala Hills, including the Eparchaean Unconformity, have been added to UNESCO’s Tentative List of World Heritage Sites. This inclusion highlights their exceptional geological, ecological, and cultural importance, while paving the way for stronger conservation efforts.

Erra Matti Dibbalu: Red Sand Dunes Of Visakhapatnam

• Located near Visakhapatnam, Erra Matti Dibbalu is a National Geo-heritage Monument spread across nearly 1,500 acres along the coast.

• The site is characterised by striking red sand dunes, formed through the natural accumulation of sand, clay, and silt over thousands of years.

• Their distinctive red colour comes from prolonged natural oxidation processes.

• The dunes display dendritic drainage systems and sedimentary layers that record sea-level fluctuations and climatic changes from the late Quaternary period.

• First studied in 1886 by British geologist William King, the site is globally rare, with only two other comparable coastal geomorphological formations worldwide.

Conservation Concerns

Despite its geological significance, the fragile landscape faces risks from unregulated tourism, film shoots, and human activities, which threaten dune stability. Experts emphasize the urgent need for stricter protective measures to preserve the site for future generations.

Tirumala Hills: Geological And Ecological Heritage

• The Tirumala Hills in Tirupati district are globally renowned for showcasing the Eparchaean Unconformity—a natural boundary where 2.5-billion-year-old Archean rocks meet younger Proterozoic formations.

• A unique highlight is the Natural Arch (Silathoranam), a rare rock bridge estimated to be over 1.5 billion years old, situated close to the Tirumala temple.

• The hills are part of the Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve and Sri Venkateswara National Park, home to endangered species such as red sanders and Jerdon’s Courser.

• Rich in biodiversity, the region features dense forests, seasonal waterfalls, and diverse flora and fauna, making it an important ecological hotspot.

• Beyond geology and ecology, the site holds immense cultural value, being closely associated with the world-famous Tirumala temple.

Important Sites

The two locations qualify under multiple UNESCO criteria:

• Erra Matti Dibbalu: Recognised for its representation of tectonic activity, coastal geomorphology, and climate history.

• Tirumala Hills: Noted for their role in understanding the history of Earth and evolution of life, alongside outstanding natural beauty and biodiversity.

Meaning Of Provisional List

Inclusion on the Tentative List is the first step toward full World Heritage nomination. This recognition signals India’s commitment to safeguarding these heritage sites. It also opens opportunities for:

• International funding and expert collaboration.

• Stronger conservation frameworks.

• Enhanced global visibility and tourism potential.

India’s Tentative List was most recently updated in August 2025, and these additions underscore the country’s efforts to preserve its unique geological and ecological heritage for future generations.

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