CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
Researchers have recently identified a new species of freshwater fish named Garra nambashiensis in Manipur, marking a significant addition to India’s rich aquatic biodiversity.
About Garra Nambashiensis
Garra nambashiensis is a newly discovered freshwater fish species belonging to the Labeoninae family, a group known for its unique adaptations to fast-flowing river habitats.
The discovery was made in Taretlok, a tributary of the Chindwin River, near Nambashi Valley in Kamjong district, Manipur. This area forms part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, which is globally recognized for its ecological richness.
Habitat And Ecology
The fish was collected from swift-flowing riffles shallow sections of rivers with rapid water flow.
Its habitat consisted of algae-covered gravel beds and a diverse mix of substrates, including cobbles, boulders, pebbles, sand, fine silt, and coarse sediments. Such conditions provide both shelter and food resources, making it ideal for specialized fish species like Garra.
Distinctive Features
Garra nambashiensis is distinguished by several morphological characteristics, such as:
A quadrate-shaped proboscis.
7–8 acanthoid tubercles (spiny nodules) along the anterolateral margin.
Black opercular spots (on the gill cover).
8–11 dorsal-fin scales.
Six prominent black stripes extending to the hypural plate (tail region).
The fish generally measures 9–14 cm in length (90–140 mm). Locals in the region refer to the species as “Nutungnu.”
Distribution And Significance
To date, around 60 different species of the genus Garra have been documented in the river systems of Northeast India, covering the Eastern Himalayas and the Indo-Burma region.
Of these, 32 species fall under the “proboscis species group,” mainly inhabiting the Chindwin, Brahmaputra, Barak, and Kaladan river systems.
The Chindwin river system alone supports at least eight species, including the recently identified Garra chingaiensis, showcasing the exceptional biodiversity of the region.
Importance Of Discovery
The identification of Garra nambashiensis not only enriches India’s ichthyological records but also underscores the ecological importance of conserving Northeast India’s river systems. These freshwater habitats are increasingly threatened by habitat alteration, pollution, dam construction, and overfishing, making such discoveries crucial for formulating conservation strategies.
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