India’s Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) 2025

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India currently hosts three Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), as stated by the Minister of State for Agriculture and Farmers Welfare in the Lok Sabha. These heritage systems are recognized under a United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) initiative designed to safeguard traditional agricultural landscapes and practices while promoting sustainable development and climate resilience.

About GIAHS Programme

The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) programme was initiated by the FAO at the World Summit for Sustainable Development in 2002. It was established to address global threats to traditional agricultural systems, such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, and displacement of farming communities. The GIAHS initiative focuses on balancing three critical aspects:

• Conservation: Protecting agricultural landscapes, biodiversity, and indigenous farming practices.

• Sustainable Adaptation: Encouraging farmers to adopt resilient techniques to cope with changing environmental conditions.

• Socioeconomic Development: Enhancing livelihoods through market linkages, agrotourism, and promoting traditional agricultural knowledge.

The programme takes a multistakeholder approach, offering technical assistance to local communities, fostering sustainable practices, and promoting economic opportunities while preserving cultural heritage.

India’s GIAHS Sites

• Koraput Region, Odisha

  • Known for subsistence paddy cultivation on highland slopes.

  • Hosts an extensive diversity of paddy landraces and farmer-developed varieties.

  • Rich in medicinal plant genetic resources, which are intertwined with the knowledge and practices of indigenous tribal communities.

• Kuttanad Farming System, Kerala

  • A unique below-sea-level agricultural landscape featuring wetlands for paddy cultivation and fish catching.

  • Includes garden lands for coconut and other food crops, and inland water bodies for fishing and shell collection.

  • Demonstrates an intricate harmony between agriculture and aquaculture, sustaining biodiversity and local food systems.

• Saffron Park, Jammu & Kashmir

  • Represents a traditional agro-pastoral system centered on saffron cultivation.

  • Practices intercropping and organic farming methods that maintain soil health and support biodiversity.

  • Contributes to both the economic and cultural vitality of the region, preserving ancient cultivation techniques.

India’s inclusion in the GIAHS programme highlights the country’s commitment to preserving its traditional farming heritage, promoting climate-resilient agriculture, and enhancing the livelihoods of local farmers through sustainable and culturally rooted practices.

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