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Larsen & Toubro’s (L&T) renewable energy subsidiary, L&T Energy Greentech, has recently secured the contract to construct India’s largest green hydrogen plant at Indian Oil Corporation Ltd’s (IOCL) Panipat refinery. This landmark project underscores India’s commitment to cleaner energy solutions and its ambition to become a global hub for green hydrogen and ammonia production.

About Green Ammonia

Ammonia (NH?) is a compound consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen, extensively used in the manufacture of fertilizers and various industrial chemicals. Traditionally, ammonia production relies on natural gas, a process that releases approximately two tonnes of CO? for every tonne of ammonia produced. This conventional version is often called grey ammonia due to its carbon-intensive nature.

In contrast, green ammonia is produced without emitting carbon dioxide, making it an environmentally sustainable alternative.

Production Process Of Green Ammonia

The production of green ammonia begins with the generation of green hydrogen, which is obtained through water electrolysis. In this process, water molecules are split into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity sourced from renewable energy such as solar or wind.

The hydrogen is then combined with atmospheric nitrogen via the Haber-Bosch synthesis, a chemical process that involves high pressure, elevated temperatures, and a catalyst to produce ammonia. When renewable hydrogen is used, the entire production chain becomes 100% renewable and carbon-free, resulting in green ammonia.

Applications And Benefits

Green ammonia has diverse applications across agriculture, industry, and energy:

• Fertilizers: Ammonia serves as a primary source of nitrogen, essential for crop growth, making it vital for sustainable agriculture.

• Industrial Chemicals: It is a key ingredient in the production of nitric acid, synthetic fibers, dyes, explosives, and pharmaceuticals.

• Energy and Fuel: Green ammonia can be utilized as a carbon-free fuel for engines, including locomotives and shipping vessels, potentially replacing diesel and marine fuel oil.

• Power Generation: It can also be employed as a fuel source for electricity production, offering a cleaner alternative to coal and fossil fuels.

By combining renewable energy with innovative chemical processes, the development of India’s largest green hydrogen and ammonia plant marks a significant step toward net-zero emissions and positions India as a leader in the global clean energy transition.

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