Kaziranga Tiger Reserve Ranks Third in India for Tiger Density

Description

Kaziranga Tiger Reserve (KTR) in Assam has become India’s third-highest tiger density reserve, according to a 2024 report released on Global Tiger Day. While Kaziranga is world-famous for its one-horned rhinoceros, it is now gaining equal recognition as a crucial tiger habitat, recording 148 tigers across 1,307.49 sq. km a significant increase since 2022.

Rising Tiger Numbers And Survey Techniques

The tiger population in Kaziranga rose from 104 in 2022 to 148 in 2024.

• This growth was partly driven by the first-ever sampling in the Biswanath Wildlife Division, which alone identified 27 tigers.

• The survey, conducted between December 2023 and April 2024, relied on camera traps and the spatially explicit capture-recapture method a technique recommended by the National Tiger Conservation Authority and the Wildlife Institute of India.

• More than 13,000 trap nights produced over 4,000 tiger images, enabling researchers to identify each tiger by its right-flank stripe patterns.

Tiger Density Ranking In India

Kaziranga’s tiger density now stands at 18.65 tigers per 100 sq. km, ranking it third nationally:

• Bandipur Tiger Reserve (Karnataka): 19.83 tigers per 100 sq. km

• Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand): 19.56 tigers per 100 sq. km

This ranking underscores Kaziranga’s rising importance in India’s tiger conservation efforts.

Habitat Expansion And Protection Initiatives

Several measures have contributed to Kaziranga’s success story:

• The reserve recently expanded by 200 sq. km, incorporating the Burhachapori-Laokhowa sanctuaries in the Nagaon Wildlife Division.

• This expansion brought in 12.82 sq. km of encroachment-free land, improving habitat connectivity and allowing tigers to move, breed, and disperse across landscapes.

• Assam’s strong anti-encroachment efforts and improved protection measures have created a safer environment for wildlife.

Geography And Ecology Of Kaziranga

Located in the Brahmaputra River floodplain, Kaziranga spans the Golaghat, Nagaon, and Sonitpur districts.

• Its mostly flat terrain with gentle slopes is nourished by tributaries like the Diffalu and Moradifalu rivers.

• River island corridors link Kaziranga to neighbouring reserves, enabling wildlife movement and genetic diversity.

Flora And Fauna Richness

Kaziranga supports diverse ecosystems, including:

• Alluvial grasslands, savanna woodlands, moist mixed deciduous, and semi-evergreen forests.

• Key plant species include Bombax ceiba, Albizzia spp., and Lagerstroemia parviflora.

Beyond tigers, Kaziranga shelters many endangered species, such as the one-horned rhinoceros, eastern swamp deer, elephants, wild buffalo, hoolock gibbons, capped langurs, and the Gangetic river dolphin.

This remarkable biodiversity cements Kaziranga’s status as one of India’s most vital conservation landscapes.

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