Description

The Election Commission of India (ECI) has launched a Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of the electoral rolls in Bihar ahead of the upcoming state elections. While the Commission maintains that this is a constitutional obligation under Article 326 of the Indian Constitution, the move has led to criticism from opposition parties and rights activists, who fear that the revision could lead to the disenfranchisement of certain voter groups.

Understanding Article 326: Right To Vote In India

Article 326 enshrines the principle of universal adult suffrage, granting every Indian citizen aged 18 and above the right to vote in both Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assembly elections. Voting rights can only be denied based on specific legal grounds such as mental unsoundness, criminal conviction, corrupt electoral conduct, or non-residency. The article also implies that elections must be based on updated and accurate electoral rolls, making voter registration essential for the democratic process.

ECI’s Responsibility And Purpose Of Revision

The ECI is constitutionally obligated to maintain clean and accurate voter rolls. This includes the addition of new voters, removal of ineligible or deceased individuals, and elimination of duplicate entries. The ongoing revision in Bihar, the first major update since 2003, seeks to reflect current demographic realities caused by population growth, migration, and changes in residency. The Commission argues that the revision is necessary to ensure fair, transparent, and credible elections.

Amendment Controversial

The initiative has come under fire from various political and civil society groups. Critics claim the process places an undue burden on citizens, particularly those from marginalised communities, migrants, and the poor. According to the petitioners, the requirement to submit documentary proof of both citizenship and parental identity excludes widely-used documents like Aadhaar and ration cards. They argue this could result in mass voter exclusions, undermining the democratic right to vote.

Legal And Constitutional Concerns

Several petitions have reached the Supreme Court, which is expected to examine the constitutional validity of the revision process. The legal challenge centres around whether the current verification method aligns with democratic principles and fundamental rights. While accurate electoral rolls are crucial to prevent fraud and duplication, critics stress that this must not come at the cost of excluding legitimate voters.

Potential Impact On Indian Democracy

The outcome of the Supreme Court’s verdict will likely have nationwide implications, influencing how voter lists are maintained in the future. It also raises critical questions about balancing the need for electoral integrity with the goal of inclusive democratic participation. As the case unfolds, it will shape public discourse on voting rights, identity verification, and election reforms in India.

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