Description

In July 2025, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi made a significant visit to Brazil to participate in the BRICS Summit, marking the first official visit by an Indian Prime Minister to Brazil in nearly six decades. The visit underscored efforts to strengthen cooperation between the two major economies in key sectors such as trade, defence, energy, space, technology, agriculture, and healthcare. India and Brazil, bound by both historical and strategic ties, continue to expand their global partnership.

Historic Connections Between India And Brazil

India and Brazil’s relationship dates back several centuries, beginning during the colonial era. In 1500, Portuguese explorer Pedro Alvares Cabral landed in Brazil, just two years after Vasco da Gama arrived in India. The two regions were part of the Portuguese colonial empire Brazil and Goa which facilitated early trade and cultural exchanges.

Agricultural products such as coconut and mango made their way to Brazil from India, while cashew nuts became one of Brazil’s notable exports to India. Additionally, cattle breeds originating in Andhra Pradesh influenced Brazil’s livestock sector, contributing to the development of the famous Nelore breed.

Formal Diplomatic Ties And Growing Trade

India and Brazil officially established diplomatic relations in 1948, but political disagreements particularly Brazil's disapproval of India's Goa liberation in 1961 slowed early progress. However, the pace of cooperation picked up after both countries undertook economic reforms in the 1990s.

By 2024–25, bilateral trade had grown significantly, reaching $12.20 billion. India’s main exports to Brazil include petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and engineering goods. In return, Brazil exports key commodities such as crude oil, soya oil, sugar, gold, iron ore, cotton, and chemicals. Around 4,000 Indian nationals live in Brazil, with major Indian companies operating in cities like Sao Paulo.

Strategic Dialogues And Global Cooperation

India and Brazil have established multiple institutional mechanisms to enhance their partnership. These include the Joint Commission Meeting (JCM) at the foreign minister level and the Strategic Dialogue between national security advisors. A 2+2 Political-Military Dialogue, initiated in 2024, further deepens defence and strategic ties.

Both nations are active in global platforms such as BRICS, the G-20, the G-4, and the International Solar Alliance (ISA). They jointly advocate for enhanced representation of Global South countries in international decision-making bodies.

Brazil’s Economic And Political Landscape

Brazil has faced several economic and political challenges in recent years. The country’s growth has been hampered by persistent issues, including high inflation, unemployment, and political scandals. The impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff in 2017, triggered by accusations of manipulating budget accounts, reflected rising public discontent.

Additionally, the Petrobras corruption scandal severely affected Brazil’s political credibility. Despite these hurdles, Brazil continues to assert its international presence, notably hosting the 2016 Summer Olympics, the first Olympic Games held in South America, showcasing its global capabilities.

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