Bihar’s Birth Registration Improves as India Adopts Digital Certification Reforms

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India has made notable progress in birth registration over the years, with Bihar showing significant improvement in recent times. In 2022, 71% of births in Bihar were registered within the mandatory 21-day period a marked rise compared to earlier decades. This improvement reflects broader national trends driven by digitalisation and stricter enforcement of registration laws.

Birth Registration Trends In Bihar: A Historical Perspective

In the early 2000s, Bihar had one of the lowest birth registration rates in the country. Only 3.7% of births were registered in 2000, far behind the national average of 56.2%. By 2004 and 2005, the state's registration rates rose slightly to 11.5% and 16.9%, while the national average during the same years stood at 60.4% and 62.5% respectively.

New Requirements Under Electoral Roll Revision

As part of the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls in Bihar, individuals born after December 2, 2004, must provide valid birth certificates along with parental documents. This measure aims to improve the accuracy of voter rolls and ensure reliable identity verification.

Digital Birth Certificates And Recent Amendments

In 2023, the Union Ministry of Home Affairs amended the Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969. The amendment mandates digital birth certificates for all births occurring after October 1, 2023. This reform is expected to streamline the registration process and enhance nationwide compliance.

Persistent Challenges In Registration

Despite the progress, challenges persist. According to the Civil Registration System (CRS), approximately 10% of births still go unregistered. Authorities have directed both government and private healthcare institutions to report births and deaths within 21 days a requirement many have failed to meet consistently.

Understanding CRS vs. SRS Data

The CRS provides actual figures for registered births, while the Sample Registration System (SRS) delivers estimates related to fertility and mortality rates. Differences between the two datasets highlight gaps in the current registration system and the need for improved data reconciliation.

Political Concerns And Criticism

The Special Intensive Revision process has drawn criticism from opposition parties. Some political leaders have expressed concerns that the exercise could be a precursor to implementing a National Register of Citizens (NRC). Questions have been raised about the transparency of data collection and the criteria for identifying undocumented individuals.

Recent Birth Registration Statistics

In 2022, a substantial number of births were registered across India, though the exact national figure wasn't specified. Bihar was one of 14 states where 50% to 80% of births were recorded within the 21-day deadline, showing continued progress in improving registration compliance.

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