CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
In a groundbreaking move for biodiversity conservation, Kerala has officially declared the Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary in Kannur district as India’s first dedicated butterfly sanctuary. This historic renaming of the 55 sq. km protected forest into the Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary marks a significant advancement in safeguarding insect biodiversity, especially butterfly species, within the ecologically rich Western Ghats.
A Landmark Announcement
The decision was formally announced by the Kerala State Wildlife Board on June 18, 2025, recognizing more than two decades of persistent efforts by researchers, forest personnel, and environmental organizations. This initiative not only aims to protect butterflies but also elevates their ecological role and public awareness around insect conservation.
Primary Objectives Of Sanctuary
Habitat Preservation: To conserve critical butterfly habitats and their natural migration paths.
Species Protection: To provide a refuge for rare, threatened, and endemic butterfly species.
Public Engagement: To enhance awareness, promote butterfly watching, and support eco-tourism.
Research Facilitation: To provide a platform for scientific studies on butterfly ecology and climate impact.
Key Features Of Sanctuary
Location: Aralam, nestled in Kannur district, Kerala.
Area Covered: 55 square kilometers of forested landscape.
Habitat Type: Rich tropical and semi-evergreen forests, part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot.
Butterfly Diversity: Home to more than 266 butterfly species, accounting for over 80% of Kerala’s total butterfly diversity.
Notable Sightings: Includes rare and regionally significant species such as the Common Albatross, Danaine group, and multiple endemic butterflies.
Peak Season: Butterfly migration reaches its peak between December and February.
Scientific Background And Long-Term Monitoring
The Aralam sanctuary, established in 1984, has long been recognized as a vital zone for biodiversity research. Over the past 25 years, annual butterfly counts and biodiversity assessments have been conducted in collaboration with the Malabar Natural History Society (MNHS) and other conservation bodies.
Key programs include:
Annual Butterfly Surveys: Systematic documentation of species diversity and migration trends.
Butterfly Migration Study: Held every January or February, it draws interest from researchers and eco-tourists alike and plays a role in climate-related studies.
Ecological And Conservation Significance
Endangered Species Protection: The sanctuary offers legal and environmental safeguards for vulnerable butterfly populations.
Ecosystem Health: As key pollinators, butterflies play a crucial role in maintaining floral diversity and ecosystem balance.
Scientific Discovery: New and unrecorded species continue to be discovered, highlighting the area’s untapped biodiversity potential.
Policy and Funding Leverage: The elevated status opens doors to increased conservation funding and integrated biodiversity strategies.
Broader Impact And Vision
The Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary stands as a national model for insect-focused conservation, encouraging other Indian states to develop similar initiatives. It also supports Kerala’s sustainable eco-tourism goals, creating livelihood opportunities for local communities through guided tours, butterfly gardens, and environmental education.
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