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India is positioning itself at the forefront of a new clean energy frontier transforming abandoned coal mines into solar energy hubs. Recent studies highlight how repurposing these defunct and degraded areas can not only boost renewable energy production but also support sustainable job creation.
Vast Potential In Disused Coal Sites
Across India, there are over 63 inactive coal mine sites, spanning more than 500 square kilometres. If converted into solar parks, these locations have the potential to generate around 27.11 gigawatts (GW) of electricity nearly 37% of India’s current installed solar capacity. Telangana, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh emerge as key states, ranking among the top 20 global regions for land availability from decommissioned mines.
A Global Shift Away From Coal
Globally, an estimated 3,800 coal mines remain in operation, contributing to 95% of the world’s coal supply. However, as 33 countries have committed to phasing out coal, an increasing number of mines are set to close in the coming years. This shift provides a strategic opening for solar redevelopment on former coal lands.
Environmental Hazards Of Abandoned Mines
Idle coal mines are not without risk. A major environmental concern is the release of methane gas, a potent greenhouse gas that contributes significantly to global warming. In addition, neglected mine areas can pose safety threats, including the potential for accidents and ongoing environmental degradation if not properly managed.
Global Opportunities For Solar Repurposing
Beyond India, nations like Australia, Indonesia, and the United States also present vast opportunities for solar energy development on former mining lands. Research shows that 28 countries possess suitable abandoned surface coal mines, with a combined solar potential of up to 288 GW. Many of these locations are situated close to existing electricity grid infrastructure, making them highly feasible for clean energy installations.
Job Creation In Solar Sector
The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy could have a positive impact on employment. Estimates suggest the creation of approximately 259,700 permanent jobs in sectors such as manufacturing, maintenance, and logistics. Additionally, around 317,500 temporary roles may be created during the construction and development phases of these solar projects. These new jobs are expected to outnumber the forecasted employment losses in the coal sector by 2035.
Barriers To Solar Transition On Mine Lands
Despite the promise, several challenges persist. Local communities often raise concerns about the social and environmental impacts of land redevelopment. In certain cases, developers have been criticized for overlooking local interests. Another major obstacle is the unclear ownership of closed mine lands, as many of these areas lack formal land rights policies, complicating efforts to convert them into solar energy sites.
A Sustainable Path Forward
Repurposing abandoned coal mines for solar energy aligns with India’s clean energy goals while offering a practical solution to environmental degradation. With proper policy support, community engagement, and clear land use frameworks, these initiatives could drive a green transformation in former coal regions setting a global example in the energy transition.
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