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Description
In a significant technological development, the Ministry of Defence recently announced that scientists from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, in collaboration with the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), successfully demonstrated quantum communication over a free-space distance exceeding 1 kilometre. This breakthrough marks a crucial step forward in India’s journey toward developing ultra-secure communication systems, particularly for defence and strategic purposes.
About Quantum Communication
Quantum communication refers to the transfer of information using the principles of quantum mechanics, primarily utilizing photons the elementary particles of light as carriers of data. This method leverages quantum properties like superposition and entanglement to ensure an unbreakable level of security.
Unlike classical communication, where information can potentially be intercepted or decoded, quantum communication makes use of quantum entanglement, a phenomenon where two particles become linked such that the state of one instantaneously influences the state of the other, regardless of the distance between them. This allows for the creation of communication channels that are immune to undetected eavesdropping.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): The Heart Of Secure Communication
One of the most critical applications of quantum communication is Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). It enables two parties to generate a shared, secret encryption key, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages securely. If a third party tries to intercept the communication, the quantum state of the system changes, immediately alerting the users to the presence of an intruder. This makes QKD one of the most promising tools for future cybersecurity frameworks.
Key Applications Of Quantum Communication
The scope of quantum communication is vast, with the potential to revolutionize several sectors:
National Defence and Government Communications
Quantum networks can be employed to protect highly classified defence information and ensure the integrity of command and control systems. With threats of cyber warfare growing, quantum encryption provides a fail-safe mechanism for secure data transmission.
Banking and Financial Sector
Quantum-secured communication can safeguard sensitive financial data and online transactions, providing enhanced protection for banks, stock exchanges, and international financial transfers.
Power and Energy Infrastructure
Quantum communication can help prevent cyber-attacks on national power grids and infrastructure by securing operational networks against unauthorized access.
Consumer Privacy and Internet Security
For everyday users, quantum encryption could elevate online privacy—securing personal information used in online banking, cloud storage, e-commerce, and social media.
Scientific and Academic Research
Secure sharing of sensitive or proprietary research data between institutions, especially in fields like biotechnology, space science, and nuclear physics, is possible through quantum-encrypted channels.
Navigation and GPS Security
Quantum protocols can reinforce the security of navigation systems by providing tamper-proof GPS signals, which are critical for both civilian and military operations.
India's Strategic Leap
The successful demonstration by IIT Delhi and DRDO adds India to the list of countries making rapid strides in quantum communication technologies, which are widely seen as the next frontier in secure information systems. With adversaries also investing heavily in cyber and quantum capabilities, such indigenous efforts are essential to securing India's digital and strategic assets.
This advancement aligns with India's larger push under the National Mission on Quantum Technologies & Applications (NM-QTA), aimed at positioning India as a global leader in quantum science and its real-world applications.
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