CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
India has made significant strides in reducing extreme poverty, with the World Bank reporting a decline from 27.1% in 2011–12 to 5.3% in 2022–23, lifting millions out of destitution.
Key Poverty Reduction Figures
269 million people escaped extreme poverty between 2011–12 and 2022–23.
The absolute number living under the extreme poverty line fell from 344.5 million to 75.2 million.
Five states Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh accounted for 65% of the country’s extremely poor in 2011–12, and have seen large absolute reductions.
Updated Poverty Thresholds
The World Bank’s benchmark for extreme poverty is set at $3.00 per day (2021 prices).
Using the older $2.15 per day threshold, India’s poverty rate dropped from 16.2% in 2011 to 2.3% in 2022, reflecting inflation adjustments and rising incomes.
Rural vs. Urban Trends
Rural poverty fell from 18.4% to 2.8%.
Urban poverty declined from 10.7% to 1.1%.
The shrinking gap illustrates a more balanced economic uplift across urban and rural areas.
Gains In Multidimensional Well - Being
India’s Multidimensional Poverty Index (which factors in health, education, and living standards) plummeted from 53.8% in 2005–06 to 15.5% in 2022–23, indicating marked improvements beyond just income.
Role Of Government Schemes
Several flagship programs have underpinned this progress:
PM Awas Yojana: Affordable housing
PM Ujjwala Yojana: Clean cooking fuel connections
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana: Financial inclusion
Ayushman Bharat: Health coverage
Digital Delivery And Direct Transfers
Direct Benefit Transfers have streamlined subsidies, ensuring timely support.
Enhanced digital infrastructure and rural connectivity have empowered over 250 million beneficiaries.
Remaining Challenges
As of FY2025, India’s real GDP remains about 5% below its pre pandemic level.
Global headwinds such as trade tensions pose risks to sustained growth.
The current account deficit is projected to average 1.2% of GDP during FY2026–28.
Despite these challenges, India’s decaded long journey in poverty alleviation stands as a testament to sustained policy efforts and inclusive growth.
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