CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
The Government of India has launched a significant ecological restoration effort aimed at enhancing the green cover along the Aravalli mountain range through the Aravalli Green Wall Project. This initiative is designed to rehabilitate degraded landscapes along the 700 km stretch of the Aravalli Hills, extending from Gujarat to Delhi, in an effort to curb desertification and restore ecological balance.
About Aravalli Range: India’s Ancient Geological Heritage
The Aravalli Range is one of the most ancient fold mountain systems in the world, predating even the Himalayas. Formed during the Proterozoic Eon over 670 million years ago, it stands as a geological marvel and a crucial environmental shield for northwestern India.
Length & Geography: The range extends approximately 692 km in a northeast-southwest direction, traversing the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, and reaching up to Delhi.
Geological Composition: The Aravallis are primarily composed of metamorphic rocks, including granite, gneiss, and schist, shaped by volcanic and sedimentary processes. Over time, the range has undergone substantial erosion, resulting in its current rugged topography with rocky ridges and low hills.
Ecological Importance: Acts as a natural barrier preventing the eastward spread of the Thar Desert. Supports a range of biodiversity including forests, lakes, and water bodies. Functions as a watershed for rivers such as the Sabarmati, Luni, and Banas. Plays a vital role in climate regulation, rainfall retention, and maintaining groundwater levels.
Notable Features Of Aravalli Range
Guru Shikhar, the highest peak in the range, rises to 1,722 meters and is located in Mount Abu, Rajasthan. It holds spiritual significance, named after Dattatreya, a deity believed to be an incarnation of Lord Vishnu.
Dilwara Peak, also located in Mount Abu, is home to the iconic Dilwara Jain Temples, constructed between the 11th and 13th centuries.
The Aravalli system is divided into two parts: Sambhar–Sirohi Range (includes Guru Shikhar), Sambhar–Khetri Range (discontinuous ridges)
The region features scenic waterfalls like Bhimlat Falls, Kumbhalgarh Falls, and Chitrakoot Falls, and tranquil lakes such as Sambhar Lake, Nakki Lake, and Ana Sagar Lake.
Aravallis are rich in mineral resources, notably copper, zinc, lead, and marble.
Fossil finds, including trilobites and brachiopods, point to ancient seabed formations in the area.
The Aravalli Green Wall Initiative: Objectives and Strategy
Launched by the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, the Aravalli Green Wall Project is a part of India’s broader vision to create green corridors to fight environmental degradation and combat desertification.
Key Features of the Project:
Coverage Area: Encompasses Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Delhi, where the Aravalli range influences more than 6 million hectares of land.
Green Buffer: Aims to develop a 5-kilometre-wide green buffer zone along the range, using native vegetation and ecological restoration techniques.
Afforestation and Land Rejuvenation: Plantation of indigenous tree and shrub species on barren, scrub, and degraded forest land. Restoration of surface water bodies ponds, streams, and lakes to improve hydrology.
Community Engagement: Promotion of agroforestry and pasture development to improve livelihoods for local and tribal communities. Sustainable development practices to ensure both ecological conservation and economic resilience.
Significance Of Initiative
The Aravalli Green Wall initiative is not only a step toward reviving India’s ecological heritage, but also an essential measure to strengthen climate resilience, prevent desertification, and enhance biodiversity in a highly sensitive and urbanizing region. By integrating community participation with scientific approaches, the project seeks to create a sustainable landscape model for future restoration efforts across the country.
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