CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
The Maoist insurgency, often referred to as the Naxalite movement, continues to affect several regions in India. Union Home Minister Amit Shah recently announced a targeted deadline of March 2026 to bring an end to this decades-long conflict. The insurgency is spearheaded by the Communist Party of India (Maoist), or CPI (Maoist), which aims to dismantle the existing state structure through an extended armed struggle.
Historical Background
The roots of the Maoist movement can be traced to the Naxalbari uprising in 1967, a peasant revolt that erupted in West Bengal. This marked the beginning of what would become a prolonged insurgency. The name "Naxalite" is derived from this early rebellion. Over time, the movement spread, peaking in the mid-2000s and affecting nearly 180 districts across various Indian states.
Ideological Foundations
The CPI (Maoist) promotes a vision of a New Democratic Revolution, aspiring to replace the current governance model with a communist system. Inspired by Mao Zedong's theories, the party underscores the central role of rural peasants in leading a revolutionary war. Mao's strategy of encircling urban centers from rural strongholds through guerrilla warfare forms the core of their tactical approach.
Social Support And Methods
The Maoist movement draws significant support from tribal communities and marginalized groups, who often face systemic neglect and exploitation. Leveraging these socio-economic grievances, the insurgents mobilize local populations. Their military wing, the People’s Liberation Guerrilla Army (PLGA), conducts ambushes, attacks on infrastructure, and targeted strikes to assert territorial influence.
Governmental Measures
In response, the Indian government has launched various counter-insurgency strategies. These include intensified security operations and development initiatives in affected regions. As a result, Maoist activity has been significantly reduced and is now largely confined to remote areas of southern and central Chhattisgarh. However, the conflict continues to raise serious concerns regarding the protection of civilian rights and the conduct of both state forces and insurgents.
Global Perspective
Maoist-inspired movements are not exclusive to India. Similar ideological currents have influenced insurgent groups in other nations, especially where rural disenfranchisement is prevalent. The tactics and objectives of the Indian Maoists mirror broader trends seen in global revolutionary movements rooted in Maoist doctrine.
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