CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) experienced an unusual setback on May 18, 2025, with the failure of its PSLV-C61 mission, which was intended to deploy the EOS-09 Earth observation satellite. The malfunction occurred during the rocket’s third stage, marking a rare anomaly in the history of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), a system renowned for its consistent success.
PSLV: A Trusted Workhorse Of ISRO
The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) has been a cornerstone of ISRO’s satellite launch program since its inception in the 1990s. It is capable of placing payloads into multiple orbits, including polar, geostationary, and sun-synchronous orbits. With 63 missions successfully completed before the recent failure, PSLV has built a reputation for reliability and cost-efficiency on the global stage.
Technical Breakdown Of PSLV
The PSLV is a four-stage launch vehicle, designed with a combination of solid and liquid propulsion systems:
First Stage (PS1): Solid rocket motor with six strap-on boosters.
Second Stage (PS2): Liquid propulsion using the Vikas engine.
Third Stage (PS3): Solid rocket motor for high-thrust performance.
Fourth Stage (PS4): Dual Earth-storable liquid engines for orbital insertion.
This configuration enables the PSLV to achieve precise deployment of satellites into their designated orbits.
Past Failures In PSLV History
Though highly reliable, PSLV has seen two prior mission failures:
1993: The very first PSLV mission failed due to a software glitch, causing the rocket to crash into the sea.
2017: A heat shield separation issue prevented the successful release of the IRNSS-1H satellite.
These instances underscore the inherent complexity and risk in space launches.
PSLV-C61 And EOS-09 Mission Overview
The EOS-09 satellite was designed for Earth observation using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology, enabling it to capture high-resolution images under all weather conditions. It was planned to be placed in a sun-synchronous polar orbit at an altitude of 597 km. Unfortunately, the mission failed during the third stage, resulting in the satellite's loss.
This marks a concerning moment for ISRO, especially following the earlier failure of the GSLV during its landmark 100th mission.
Significance Of PSLV For India Space Program
PSLV has played a crucial role in enhancing India’s stature in the global space community. Its adaptability and cost-effective design have enabled the launch of numerous domestic and international satellites. The vehicle’s versatility continues to make it a key asset in ISRO’s strategic plans.
Looking Ahead: ISRO’s Response And Future Initiatives
Despite recent challenges, ISRO remains dedicated to pushing forward with technological upgrades and mission reliability. Investigations into the PSLV-C61 failure are expected to inform improvements in future missions. The organisation continues to prioritise innovation in satellite deployment, aiming to uphold its reputation as a trusted global launch provider.
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