CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to launch its 101st mission, PSLV-C61, carrying the EOS-09 satellite on May 18, 2025, from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. This mission underscores ISRO’s ongoing commitment to advancing India’s space capabilities, supporting both domestic and international scientific goals.
About EOS-09 – Earth Observation Satellite
EOS-09 is an advanced Earth Observation Satellite (EOS) designed to strengthen India’s ability to monitor its vast terrain, support disaster management, and bolster national security. It forms part of ISRO’s growing fleet of remote sensing satellites, crucial for economic planning, environmental conservation, and military intelligence.
Key Features And Technical Capabilities of EOS-09
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Technology
EOS-09 is equipped with C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), a powerful imaging system capable of capturing high-resolution images of the Earth’s surface.
Unlike optical sensors, SAR can penetrate clouds, fog, and darkness, providing precise surface data regardless of weather conditions or time of day.
Critical Applications
Disaster Management: Rapid assessment of natural disasters like floods, landslides, and cyclones for effective response and recovery.
Agricultural Monitoring: Crop yield estimation, soil moisture analysis, and irrigation management.
Environmental Surveillance: Forest cover mapping, deforestation tracking, and wildlife habitat monitoring.
Border and Coastal Security: Enhanced surveillance along India’s land and maritime borders, crucial for national defense.
Urban Planning and Infrastructure Development: High-resolution mapping for city planning, infrastructure development, and resource management.
Contributions to National Security
EOS-09 significantly boosts India’s strategic reconnaissance capabilities, enabling real-time monitoring of sensitive regions and aiding in counter-terrorism operations.
Chandrayaan-5 / LUPEX Mission Collaboration With JAXA
In parallel with the EOS-09 mission, ISRO is also advancing its deep space exploration goals through a collaborative effort with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The two space agencies recently conducted the 3rd Technical Interface Meeting (TIM-3) from May 13 to 14, 2025, in Bengaluru, to discuss the upcoming Chandrayaan-5 / LUPEX (Lunar Polar Exploration) mission.
Overview Of Chandrayaan Mission Series
ISRO’s Chandrayaan program represents a significant leap in India’s lunar exploration capabilities. It aims to unravel the mysteries of the Moon and establish India as a key player in global space research.
Chandrayaan-1 (2008):
India’s first mission to the Moon.
Made the groundbreaking discovery of water molecules on the lunar surface.
Chandrayaan-2 (2019):
Included an orbiter, lander (Vikram), and rover (Pragyan).
Successfully inserted the orbiter into lunar orbit, though the lander failed to achieve a soft landing.
Chandrayaan-3 (2023):
Marked India’s first successful soft landing on the Moon, deploying a functional rover for surface exploration.
Chandrayaan-4 (Planned):
Expected to focus on sample return missions, advancing lunar resource extraction technologies.
Chandrayaan-5 / LUPEX (Planned):
A joint India-Japan mission focused on in-situ analysis of lunar volatiles at the Moon’s South Pole.
It aims to explore the Permanently Shadowed Regions (PSRs) for water ice and other valuable resources.
Mission Details Of Chandrayaan-5 / LUPEX
Launch Vehicle:
To be launched using JAXA’s advanced H3-24L launch vehicle.
Lander and Rover Development:
The lunar lander will be developed by ISRO, while the rover will be designed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI), Japan.
Scientific Payloads:
Instruments will be provided by ISRO, JAXA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and NASA.
The payloads will focus on in-situ analysis of lunar volatiles, surface composition, and thermal properties.
Key objectives include identifying potential water ice deposits, understanding lunar geology, and assessing future human habitation potential.
Significance Of Chandrayaan-5 / LUPEX Mission
Scientific Goals:
Analyzing lunar water ice for potential use in future manned missions.
Studying the Moon’s geophysical properties and space weather impact.
Strategic Importance:
Strengthening India’s position in the international space community.
Building technical expertise for future deep space missions to Mars and beyond.
International Collaboration:
Enhancing global scientific cooperation and technology sharing in the space domain.
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