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Description
The Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully created an indigenous high-pressure nanoporous multilayer polymer membrane specifically designed for seawater desalination.
Purpose and Strategic Significance
This innovation was developed by the Defence Materials Stores Research & Development Establishment (DMSRDE) in Kanpur, as part of the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative. The membrane is engineered to withstand the corrosive effects of chloride ions present in seawater, addressing the operational requirements of the Indian Coast Guard (ICG). It is intended for deployment on Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPVs), enabling these vessels to generate freshwater independently while at sea.
Overview of Desalination Technology
Desalination is the process of removing dissolved salts and minerals from seawater or brackish water, making it suitable for human consumption or industrial use. The two predominant methods used worldwide are:
Reverse Osmosis (RO): A pressure-driven filtration system using semi-permeable membranes.
Thermal Desalination: A heat-based process involving evaporation and condensation.
Desalination plants transform seawater into freshwater by extracting salt content to meet required drinking or industrial water quality standards.
Reverse Osmosis (RO) Works
Osmosis naturally causes water to flow from an area with low solute concentration to a region with higher solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. In reverse osmosis, external pressure is applied to force water from the saline side (high solute concentration) to the freshwater side (low solute concentration), working against the natural osmotic flow. The RO membrane has microscopic pores that allow water molecules to pass but block salts and impurities. Since seawater generally contains around 35,000 ppm of total dissolved solids (TDS), RO treatment reduces this to approximately 200–500 ppm, making the water safe for drinking.
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