The Government of India has introduced major initiatives to strengthen technical education by expanding Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and upgrading Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs). These measures, approved by the Union Cabinet in May 2025, aim to enhance vocational training, reduce the skills gap, and improve the quality of higher education in India.
Expansion Of IITs
The government has approved a Rupees 11,828.79 crore investment for the expansion of five new IITs established after 2014. These institutions are located in Tirupati, Palakkad, Bhilai, Jammu, and Dharwad. The funding will be spread over four years, from 2025-26 to 2028-29, and aims to significantly boost student intake.
Key Features of the Expansion:
Increased Capacity: Student capacity will rise from 7,111 to 13,687, adding 6,576 new seats across undergraduate, postgraduate, and PhD programs.
Faculty Expansion: The initiative includes the creation of 130 new professor-level positions (level 14 and above) to support the increased student base.
Job Creation: This expansion is expected to generate employment through the recruitment of faculty, researchers, and administrative staff, supporting the overall development of these institutions.
National ITI Upgradation Scheme
Alongside IIT expansion, the government has introduced a national scheme to modernize 1,000 government ITIs. The program has a total outlay of Rupees 60,000 crore, with funding distributed as follows:
Central Share: Rupees 30,000 crore
State Share: Rupees 20,000 crore
Industry Contribution: Rupees 10,000 crore
Financing Support: The Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the World Bank will co-finance 50% of the Central share, reflecting the government's focus on global collaboration for vocational training.
Transforming ITIs Into Industry-Driven Institutions
The upgradation initiative aims to transform ITIs into industry-oriented institutions. It will align training programs with emerging market needs, particularly in sectors like electronics, renewable energy, and advanced manufacturing.
Key Elements of the ITI Upgrade:
Industry-Led Management: A Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) model will be used for implementation, ensuring direct industry involvement.
Skill Development: The program aims to train 20 lakh youth over the next five years, making them job-ready in high-demand sectors.
Trainer Development: 50,000 trainers will receive pre-service and in-service training to enhance their teaching skills and industry knowledge.
Infrastructure And Capacity Building
The scheme also includes the creation of five National Centres of Excellence for Skilling and capacity building for five National Skill Training Institutes (NSTIs). These centers will focus on high-quality vocational training and advanced technical education.
Long-Term Vision For Skilled Workforce
The expansion of IITs and the modernization of ITIs are part of India’s broader vision of becoming a developed nation by 2047. By enhancing technical education, the government aims to drive economic growth, boost industrial productivity, and position India as a global leader in manufacturing and innovation.
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