CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
India has marked a significant achievement in the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report 2025, improving its rank to 130 out of 193 countries, up from 133 in 2022. This progress highlights India’s continued efforts to advance in areas such as health, education, and income levels. However, challenges like gender inequality and economic disparities persist.
Human Development Index (HDI)
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite measure used to assess a country's overall development, taking into account life expectancy, educational attainment, and income levels.
Key Drivers Of India’s Improvement
India’s HDI score increased from 0.676 to 0.685, bringing the country closer to the threshold of high human development, which is 0.700. This improvement is primarily attributed to several key factors:
Life Expectancy - India’s life expectancy has risen to 72 years, the highest recorded so far.
Gross National Income (GNI) - India’s GNI per capita has reached $9,047, indicating a positive economic trajectory.
Health Initiatives - Programs like the National Rural Health Mission, Janani Suraksha Yojana, Poshan Abhiyaan, and Ayushman Bharat have significantly improved public health outcomes.
Educational Reforms - The Right to Education Act has played a pivotal role in improving access to education for children across the country.
Gender Inequality Index
India has made notable progress in its ranking on the Gender Inequality Index, moving up from 108 to 102. Despite this advancement, the country still faces challenges in areas like female labor force participation and political representation. The Gender Development Index score remains relatively low at 0.874. However, recent policy changes, such as the reservation of legislative seats for women, offer hope for addressing these issues.
AI Adoption In India
India is emerging as a global leader in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), with the highest level of self-reported AI skills among its population. Additionally, India is successfully retaining a growing share of its AI talent 20% of Indian AI researchers now remain in the country, a significant increase from almost none in 2019. AI is being applied across various sectors, including agriculture and healthcare, and efforts are underway to ensure broader access to AI technologies.
Regional Comparisons
In South Asia, India shares its HDI ranking with Bangladesh, while countries like Nepal and Bhutan rank lower. Pakistan, on the other hand, saw a decline in its position. China and Sri Lanka maintain higher human development levels, showing varying developmental trajectories across the region.
Global Trends And Challenges
Post-Crisis Recovery - Global human development recovery post-pandemic has been slower than expected. For 2024, the projected global HDI increase is the smallest since 1990.
Stagnant HDI Growth - Across most world regions, HDI growth has plateaued, raising concerns about the global achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030.
Rising Inequality - The gap between Low HDI and Very High HDI countries has widened, further intensifying disparities in development. Low-HDI countries face challenges such as escalating trade tensions, mounting debt burdens, and jobless industrialization.
Public Perception Of AI
A recent survey shows that 50% of people believe their jobs may be automated by AI, while 60% expect AI to enhance their job opportunities, especially in new sectors. Only 13% express concerns about job losses, indicating a general sense of optimism about AI's role in the workforce.
AI In Low- and Medium-HDI Countries
In countries with low and medium HDI, 70% of people believe that AI will boost productivity, and two-thirds expect to use AI in fields such as education, healthcare, or work within a year. However, challenges such as limited internet and electricity access still need to be addressed to fully harness AI’s potential.
Key Recommendations For Future Growth
The report provides three priority actions for fostering inclusive human development:
Human-AI Collaboration: Create economies where humans and AI work together, rather than compete.
Human Agency in AI: Ensure human oversight and decision-making in all stages of AI development, design, and deployment.
Modernize Education and Healthcare: Update education and healthcare systems to address the challenges of the 21st century.
Democratizing AI
With 20% of global respondents already using AI, there is rapid digital transformation happening worldwide. This underscores the need for infrastructure access and enhanced digital literacy to ensure equitable access to technology.
Future Outlook
India's future in human development will depend on addressing deep-rooted inequalities and focusing on inclusive growth. Emphasizing women-led development, improving the quality of education, and investing in technology, especially AI, will be crucial to ensuring that the benefits of development reach all segments of society.
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