CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
On April 26, 2025, a devastating terror attack in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, claimed the lives of 26 innocent tourists. The incident, marked by its brutality and scale, has brought renewed focus to the persistent threat of terrorism in the region. In response, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) has officially taken over the probe from local law enforcement, underscoring the gravity of the situation and the need for a comprehensive counter-terror response.
Suspected Group Behind Attack
The attack has been linked to The Resistance Front (TRF), an outfit believed to operate as a front for Lashkar-e-Taiba, a Pakistan-based terror organization. The group's claim of responsibility has further raised alarms over cross-border terrorism and proxy war strategies aimed at destabilising peace in Jammu and Kashmir.
Understanding Role Of NIA
Origins and Purpose
The National Investigation Agency (NIA) was constituted in 2008, following the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks, which exposed serious gaps in the national security framework. The agency was specifically created to investigate and prosecute terror-related offenses that often span across multiple states and sometimes involve international dimensions.
Its formation was backed by recommendations from several high-level committees that stressed the importance of a centralized and specialised counter-terror body for India.
Expanded Jurisdiction and Powers
The NIA operates under the NIA Act, 2008, which was amended in 2019 to expand its authority. The amended legislation allows the NIA to:
Investigate offenses under key laws such as the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), Indian Penal Code (IPC), Arms Act, and Information Technology Act, among others.
Take up transnational cases and cyberterrorism.
Pursue cases where the perpetrators or conspiracies have international links.
Additionally, in a landmark decision, the Supreme Court of India allowed the agency to also probe individuals indirectly associated with a case, providing the NIA with wider investigative latitude.
Trial And Prosecution Mechanism
Terror-related cases investigated by the NIA are heard in Special NIA Courts, which are designated by the Central Government in consultation with the Chief Justice of the relevant High Court. These courts ensure speedy and specialised trials for complex cases of national security.
Over the years, the NIA has developed a reputation for its high conviction rate, successfully securing judgments in many high-profile terrorism cases.
NIA's Involvement Matters In Pahalgam Case
The decision to transfer the Pahalgam terror attack case to the NIA signals the Centre's intent to treat the incident not just as a local law and order issue but as a national security threat. The agency is expected to examine both the immediate perpetrators and any larger networks involved, including possible support from across the border.
The NIA’s involvement also sends a strong message regarding India's zero-tolerance policy towards terrorism and its efforts to hold accountable not just foot soldiers, but also their masterminds and international handlers.
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