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India’s agricultural sector witnessed notable progress in the fiscal year 2024-25, highlighted by a sharp rise in the sales of tractors and fertilisers key indicators of rural economic activity and farming health. The positive trend underscores the enduring impact of the Green Revolution, which continues to shape modern agricultural practices and input demand.
Tractor Sales Reflect Robust Rural Activity
Tractor sales in 2024-25 saw a substantial year-on-year growth of 8.4%, with approximately 9.40 lakh units sold. This number closely approaches the all-time high of 9.45 lakh units recorded in 2022-23. Traditionally, tractor sales are considered a reliable proxy for the state of agriculture, given that strong crop output boosts farmer incomes and investment in mechanisation.
In past years, this link has held consistently. For example, poor monsoons and weak harvests in 2014-15 and 2015-16 coincided with a dip in tractor demand. In contrast, bumper harvests during 2016-17 and 2017-18 resulted in a revival in tractor sales.
Influence of El Nino on Agricultural Input Demand
Weather anomalies like El Nino have a profound impact on India’s agricultural landscape. The 2023-24 El Nino episode led to erratic rainfall and reduced crop productivity, which often causes input demand to dip. El Nino conditions result in warming of Pacific Ocean waters, disrupting the Indian monsoon and affecting sowing and harvesting cycles.
That said, the correlation between agricultural output and tractor sales isn’t always linear. For instance, during 2018-19 and 2021-22, tractor sales remained strong even as farm sector growth showed inconsistencies, reflecting the growing influence of non-agricultural factors such as rural infrastructure projects.
Fertiliser Demand Hits Record Levels
In addition to mechanisation, the fertiliser sector posted impressive numbers in 2024-25. Urea sales reached a record 387.7 lakh tonnes, while complex fertilisers touched 142.1 lakh tonnes. This spike is in line with a 4.6% increase in the gross value added (GVA) of the agricultural sector.
However, not all fertilisers performed equally. Sales of di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) declined, largely due to supply disruptions. Farmers increasingly shifted to substitutes such as ammonium phosphate sulphate and single super phosphate (SSP), highlighting flexibility in fertiliser usage patterns in response to market availability.
Evolving Fertiliser Consumption Patterns
The consumption of complex fertilisers has undergone a significant transformation over the past decade. Between 2013-14 and 2024-25, their sales nearly doubled, reflecting a broader diversification in nutrient management. While reliance on DAP and muriate of potash (MOP) has tapered, urea consumption has remained consistently high. This trend is largely driven by substantial government subsidies and steady retail pricing, which make urea more accessible to small and marginal farmers.
Agricultural Sector Outlook: Resilient And Adaptive
Despite external challenges, including climate volatility and input supply issues, Indian agriculture has demonstrated resilience in 2024-25. The spike in tractor and fertiliser sales signals sustained rural demand and a forward-looking approach by farmers. These developments suggest that the sector is adapting to changing conditions through technological adoption and diversified input use.
As India continues to invest in agri-infrastructure and policy reforms, these trends indicate a positive trajectory for rural development and food security.
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