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Description
In a landmark achievement for Indian space technology, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully carried out the second docking operation between its two experimental satellites SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target) — as part of its ambitious SpaDeX (Space Docking Experiment) mission. This accomplishment places India alongside global space leaders like the United States, Russia, and China, who have previously demonstrated this complex maneuver in space.
About SpaDeX Mission
The Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) is a cutting-edge technology demonstration mission initiated by ISRO to test and validate the essential capabilities required for docking, undocking, and in-orbit servicing of spacecraft a frontier in space exploration and satellite servicing.
The mission involved two indigenous small satellites, each weighing approximately 220 kilograms:
SDX01 (designated as the Chaser)
SDX02 (functioning as the Target)
These satellites were launched aboard the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C60) into a circular orbit of 460 kilometers altitude with an orbital inclination of 45 degrees.
Mission Objectives And Innovations
The primary goal of SpaDeX was to develop and demonstrate the technology for autonomous rendezvous, docking, and separation of satellites in low-Earth orbit a crucial capability for future space station modules, satellite servicing, and human spaceflight support systems.
In addition to this core objective, the mission also aimed to:
Demonstrate in-orbit transfer of electrical power between the docked satellites a pivotal feature for enabling modular satellite systems and future space habitats.
Develop and validate advanced spacecraft control systems — crucial for managing dual-satellite operations autonomously and safely.
Test post-docking and post-undocking operations, including payload functionality, thereby contributing to the knowledge base required for long-duration interplanetary missions.
India Joins An Elite Group Of Spacefaring Nations
With this successful demonstration, India becomes the fourth country in the world to accomplish an in-orbit satellite docking, joining the ranks of space superpowers such as:
United States (NASA)
Russia (Roscosmos)
China (CNSA)
This achievement significantly boosts ISRO’s capabilities in future human spaceflight, orbital refueling, space debris removal, and modular satellite assembly key components of next-generation space missions.
This Means For India Space Ambitions
The success of SpaDeX is not just a technical demonstration it marks a strategic leap forward for India in the realm of autonomous space operations. As ISRO continues its preparations for Gaganyaan (India’s first crewed space mission) and future interplanetary missions, docking technologies such as those validated in SpaDeX will play a critical role in mission support, satellite life extension, and infrastructure maintenance in orbit.
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