Description

A team of 30 scientists from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) has put forward a proposal to develop the world’s tiniest semiconductor chips, positioning India at the forefront of advanced chip manufacturing. These next-generation semiconductors would be built using two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), enabling chip sizes as small as one angstrom significantly smaller than the existing three-nanometre standard. The initiative calls for a five-year investment of ?500 crore to develop indigenous semiconductor capabilities.

Semiconductors Matter

Semiconductors form the core of nearly all electronic devices. So far, silicon has been the dominant material used in chip production. However, countries like the US, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan currently lead this highly competitive sector. The IISc's initiative aims to disrupt this landscape by leveraging ultra-thin 2D materials, which could dramatically enhance the miniaturisation of chips beyond what silicon-based technologies allow.

Advantages Of 2D Materials

Materials like graphene are only a few atoms thick and offer remarkable electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Their atomic-scale thickness makes them ideal for producing extremely compact and efficient semiconductors. As silicon technology reaches its physical limits, the focus globally is shifting towards these novel materials.

Global Investments In 2D Semiconductors

Countries across the world are already making significant investments in 2D semiconductor research. Europe has pledged over $1 billion, while South Korea has committed nearly $300 million. Although figures from China and Japan remain unclear, both nations are actively exploring this frontier, underlining the global race to master 2D chip technology.

India’s Current Semiconductor Landscape

India is still dependent on foreign technology for semiconductor fabrication. The country’s most significant effort so far is the Tata Electronics and PSMC (Taiwan) joint venture, with an estimated investment of Rupees 91,000 crore under the India Semiconductor Mission. The IISc project offers a complementary pathway by focusing on cutting-edge research and innovation.

Hurdles And Road Ahead

While the IISc proposal is ambitious, it faces the challenge of securing adequate funding and swift implementation. The requested Rupees 500 crore is modest when compared to global investments. To avoid missing out, India must accelerate the transition from proposal to practical execution.

Potential Impact And Sustainability

If approved, the IISc-led project could help India carve out a niche in the emerging field of 2D semiconductors. The initiative includes a plan for achieving self-sufficiency after the initial five-year funding, ensuring its long-term viability and impact on India’s tech ecosystem.

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