CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
A rare Binturong, also known as the bearcat, was recently captured on a camera trap set up by the Wildlife Trust of India’s Garo Green Spine project team. This sighting occurred in Narang Wari Village Reserve Forest (VRF), which forms part of the buffer zone surrounding Balpakram National Park in Meghalaya.
About Binturong (Bearcat)
The Binturong (Arctictis binturong) is an unusual, catlike mammal belonging to the civet family (Viverridae). It is the largest member of this family found in India and is commonly referred to as a bearcat due to its unique physical characteristics.
Geographical Distribution
The Binturong thrives in the dense tropical forests of Southeast Asia and has a broad habitat range that includes:
South Asia: Nepal, India, Bhutan
Southeast Asia: Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, and Borneo
Distinctive Physical Features
Size & Weight: Its head and body measure between 60–95 cm, with an additional tail length of 55–90 cm. The species typically weighs between 9 to 14 kg (20 to 31 pounds).
Fur & Tail: It has long, shaggy fur, tufted ears, and a bushy, prehensile tail that aids in climbing. The coat is generally black, interspersed with whitish hairs.
Nocturnal & Crepuscular Habits: The Binturong is primarily active during the night (nocturnal) and at dawn or dusk (crepuscular).
Arboreal Nature: It spends a significant amount of time in trees, using its prehensile tail for balance and mobility.
Scent Glands: It possesses scent glands located under its tail, which it uses to mark trees and define its territory.
Conservation Status & Threats
The Binturong is facing significant conservation challenges due to habitat destruction and poaching. It is classified under:
IUCN Red List: Vulnerable
Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972): Schedule I (Highest Protection)
CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species): Appendix III
Balpakram National Park: A Biodiversity Hotspot
Location & Geography
Balpakram National Park is situated in the West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya, approximately 134 km from Shillong, the state capital. Known as the “Land of Perpetual Winds”, the park experiences strong winds that sweep across its vast plateau.
Significance & Recognition
The park was officially declared a National Park in 1987.
It lies at an altitude of around 3,000 feet above sea level, covering an area of over 200 sq. km.
It is located near the international border with Bangladesh.
A remarkable deep gorge in Balpakram is often compared to the Grand Canyon of the United States due to its breathtaking landscapes.
Unique Flora
The park is home to rare and exotic plant species, some of which are endemic to the region:
Pitcher Plants (Nepenthes khasiana) – A carnivorous plant native to Meghalaya.
Orchids – A wide variety of vibrant orchids flourish in the park.
Drosera (Sundew Plants) – Another type of carnivorous plant known for trapping insects.
Diverse Fauna
Balpakram National Park shelters a rich diversity of mammals, birds, and reptiles, including several endangered species:
Flagship Species
Elephants – The park is home to a significant population of wild elephants.
Tigers – One of the top predators in the region.
Other Mammals
Hoolock Gibbons – The only ape species found in India, known for its distinct calls.
Deer species – Various species of deer, including barking deer and sambar, inhabit the park.
Leopards – Both common leopards and clouded leopards roam the dense forests.
Wild Buffalo & Wild Cows – Found in the open grasslands within the park.
Birdlife & Reptiles
Great Indian Hornbill – A large, iconic bird with a striking beak.
Pheasants – Including rare species of jungle fowls and pheasants.
Wildcats – Various small wildcat species inhabit the park’s forests.
Importance Of Binturong Sighting
The recent sighting of a Binturong in Balpakram’s buffer zone highlights the rich biodiversity of the region and underscores the need for intensified conservation efforts. The presence of this elusive species reinforces the importance of Meghalaya’s forests as a critical habitat for rare and endangered wildlife.
Conservationists emphasize the importance of protecting Balpakram National Park and its surrounding forests to ensure the long-term survival of species like the Binturong. Strengthening anti-poaching measures, habitat conservation strategies, and community involvement will play a key role in preserving this unique ecosystem.
Final Thoughts
The sighting of the Binturong in Balpakram National Park is a significant event for conservationists and wildlife enthusiasts. With increasing human encroachment, deforestation, and climate change, the need to protect and expand wildlife corridors in Meghalaya is greater than ever. Sustained efforts from government agencies, conservation groups, and local communities will be crucial in ensuring that species like the Binturong continue to thrive in their natural habitat.
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