CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
The Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company Limited (CSPGCL) is enhancing its energy infrastructure with the development of its first Supercritical Thermal Power Project (SCTPP) in the Korba district. This project is an extension of the Hasdeo Thermal Power Station (HTPS) and was officially inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on March 30, 2025. With an investment of Rupees 15,800 crore, the project will contribute 1,320 megawatts (MW) of power capacity to the existing 1,340 MW facility.
Understanding Supercritical Thermal Power Plants
Supercritical thermal power plants operate at pressures and temperatures exceeding the critical point of water. This advanced technology enhances efficiency by maintaining water and steam in a single-phase state. The critical pressure is about 22.1 MPa, and the critical temperature is around 374°C, ensuring optimal thermal performance.
Supercritical Boilers Work
The operation of supercritical boilers involves multiple stages:
Water Injection & Pressurization – Water is pumped into the boiler and subjected to high pressure and heat.
Transformation into Supercritical Fluid – The water transitions into a supercritical state, eliminating the distinction between liquid and steam.
Combustion & Heat Generation – Fuel, mainly coal, is burned in the combustion chamber, producing the heat required for power generation.
Electricity Generation Process
The supercritical fluid is directed into a turbine, where it expands and causes the turbine blades to rotate. This mechanical energy is then converted into electricity via a generator.
To further enhance efficiency, many supercritical plants incorporate:
Reheating Technology – Steam undergoes multiple heating stages before entering the turbine.
Regenerative Heat Recovery – Exhaust heat is used to preheat the incoming water supply.
Advantages Of Supercritical Power Technology
Supercritical power plants offer several benefits over traditional subcritical plants, including:
Higher Efficiency – Operating at higher temperatures and pressures improves overall performance.
Lower Greenhouse Gas Emissions – More efficient combustion results in reduced CO2 output.
Space Optimization – The compact design of supercritical boilers requires less physical infrastructure.
Environmental Considerations
With rising concerns about environmental pollution, the push towards renewable energy sources is increasing. However, supercritical technology serves as a transitional solution, allowing thermal power plants to operate with lower emissions and improved efficiency while supporting growing electricity demands.
Future Of Energy Production
The deployment of supercritical thermal power plants represents a significant shift towards sustainable and efficient energy solutions. Integrating cutting-edge advancements in power generation is crucial for balancing energy needs with environmental responsibility, paving the way for a cleaner energy future.
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