CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) has taken significant steps toward tackling tuberculosis (TB) through an extensive genomic sequencing initiative. By March 2025, DBT had successfully sequenced 10,000 Mycobacterium tuberculosis samples, working towards its broader goal of sequencing 32,500 samples. This initiative is designed to improve understanding of drug-resistant TB and its genetic characteristics within India. The project supports the government’s mission to eliminate TB by 2025, well ahead of the World Health Organization’s 2030 target.
Dare2eraD TB Programme
Introduced on World TB Day in March 2022, the Dare2eraD TB programme is a pioneering initiative dedicated to TB eradication through genomic research. It is a joint effort between the Ministry of Science & Technology and the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. A key component of the programme is the Indian Tuberculosis Genomic Surveillance Consortium (InTGS), which plays a crucial role in tracking TB strains across the country.
Key Objectives Of Initiative
The programme aims to:
Sequence 32,200 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from active TB patients.
Establish a centralised biorepository for clinical TB strains in India.
Map the genetic diversity of TB strains and their treatment responses.
Identify mutations linked to drug resistance.
Examine TB transmission within households.
Integrate genomic insights with epidemiological data to improve public health interventions.
Expected Outcomes
This initiative is expected to:
Serve as a pilot project for incorporating whole-genome sequencing into routine TB diagnosis.
Identify dominant TB strains prevalent across different regions of India.
Determine how genetic variations impact TB treatment success rates.
Catalogue existing and newly emerging drug resistance mutations.
Discover novel genetic variations associated with drug resistance.
Provide data-driven insights to shape public health policies related to TB control.
Current Statistics And Challenges
India accounts for 28% of new TB cases worldwide. In 2022, the country recorded 1,990 TB cases per million people, a significant drop from 2,370 cases per million in 2015. However, drug-resistant TB remains a major concern, with 7% of sequenced samples displaying resistance to at least one drug. The majority of TB cases are found in individuals aged 18-45, with many affected by diabetes or malnutrition.
Future Prospects
The DBT aims to complete the sequencing of all targeted samples by October 2025. The insights gathered from this research will aid in refining TB treatment strategies and enhance disease management efforts, contributing significantly to India's goal of TB elimination.
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