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Five years after the COVID-19 pandemic was declared, the Indian government is drafting a National Wildlife Health Policy (NWHP) to enhance disease monitoring, expand research efforts, and establish new diagnostic laboratories. The policy aims to integrate surveillance, research, and diagnostics to improve preparedness for future pandemics.

Background

The NWHP is being developed in response to the growing risk of zoonotic diseases—those transmitted from animals to humans. More than 60% of newly emerging infectious diseases originate in animals, making early detection and control essential. The policy follows the One Health approach, which emphasizes the interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health. It also aligns with India's National One Health Mission, promoting cross-sectoral collaboration to prevent and manage disease outbreaks.

Framework And Implementation

The Central Zoo Authority (CZA) under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is leading the policy’s development, with expert consultations facilitated by the Principal Scientific Adviser’s Office. A core working group and seven thematic groups have contributed recommendations focusing on different aspects of wildlife health.

Key Policy Recommendations

The NWHP proposes a comprehensive disease surveillance system covering terrestrial, marine, and avian species. This system aims to enhance data collection and improve communication across different sectors. Additionally, the policy suggests creating a National Referral Centre for Wildlife (NRC-W) to oversee wildlife disease investigations and respond to outbreaks efficiently.

Wildlife Health Database And Information Network

A national wildlife health database is recommended to store real-time surveillance data and facilitate integration with existing animal husbandry and human health databases. The creation of a wildlife health information system will improve reporting mechanisms, ensuring timely intervention in case of disease outbreaks.

Diagnostic Infrastructure And Community Participation

The NWHP calls for satellite diagnostic laboratories near critical wildlife habitats to enable early disease detection. Additionally, the policy highlights the importance of community involvement, particularly in ensuring livestock vaccinations near national parks to minimize disease transmission between domestic and wild animals.

Enhancing Cross-Sectoral Coordination

Currently, wildlife disease management is fragmented the Environment Ministry handles wildlife conservation, while the Agriculture Ministry oversees animal health. The NWHP seeks to unify these efforts, fostering improved communication and collaboration between government agencies, researchers, and conservationists. By bridging existing gaps, the policy aims to strengthen India’s ability to prevent and control zoonotic disease outbreaks effectively.

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