Description

The National Geospatial Knowledge-based Land Survey of Urban Habitations (NAKSHA) was launched on February 18, 2025, by Union Rural Development Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan. This initiative aims to modernize urban land records in India, addressing the issue of outdated mapping in many urban areas. NAKSHA is part of the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP) and will be initially piloted across 152 urban local bodies in 26 states.

About NAKSHA

NAKSHA is a comprehensive survey project designed to develop precise geospatial databases for urban land records. It combines aerial and field surveys using advanced Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to enhance land governance. The focus is on towns with areas of up to 35 square kilometers and populations below 200,000. The pilot phase will last for one year.

Need For Initiative

Urban areas in India have long struggled with outdated land records, which impede effective governance and tax management. While rural land records have seen improvements, many urban regions still lack proper mapping. NAKSHA seeks to fill these gaps by digitizing and organizing urban land records. The need for this initiative was highlighted in the Union Budget of 2024 and reiterated in 2025, underlining the importance of reforms in the urban sector.

Objectives Of NAKSHA

The primary goals of NAKSHA include the digitization of urban land records, reducing land disputes, and improving urban planning processes. By creating a digital database, the initiative aims to streamline property transactions and enhance tax collection. It is expected to improve the financial situation of urban local bodies.

Funding And Costs

The central government is fully funding NAKSHA, with the pilot project estimated to cost Rupees 194 crore. Surveying costs vary based on the camera technology used: basic camera surveys cost around Rupees 25,000 to Rupees 30,000 per square kilometer, while advanced 3D camera surveys can reach up to Rupees 60,000 per square kilometer.

Survey Methodology

The survey will utilize aerial photography from drones equipped with various cameras, including oblique angle cameras and LiDAR sensors. These drones will capture high-resolution images that offer superior quality compared to satellite imagery. The survey process consists of three stages: selecting the survey areas, conducting aerial surveys, and performing ground verification.

Future Expansion

If the pilot is successful, NAKSHA will be expanded to cover 4,912 urban local bodies across India. The initiative aims to establish a strong framework for urban land management, improving decision-making and supporting urban development.

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