CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
India's fight against tuberculosis (TB) is facing significant challenges, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi's ambitious target to eliminate TB by 2025 now at a crucial stage. Despite advancements in technology, there is a gap between these developments and their effective use in public health initiatives.
AI Tools For TB Screening
Two AI-powered tools, qXR from Qure.ai and Genki from DeepTek, have shown promising results in TB screening. Both tools have been evaluated for their accuracy, with qXR demonstrating over 90% sensitivity and more than 70% specificity, while Genki shows similarly impressive outcomes. These AI solutions have been implemented across various sites in India and globally, showing their potential to transform TB detection.
Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Process
The HTAIn committee is responsible for assessing new technologies for their cost-effectiveness and efficacy. While both qXR and Genki have received favorable assessments, they have yet to be incorporated into the national TB program. In contrast, another AI tool, DeepCXR, which lacks formal HTA evaluation, has been recommended by the Central TB Division (CTD) for use.
Challenges In Implementation
Despite the availability of effective AI tools, the slow pace of their adoption by the CTD remains a significant concern. The DeepCXR tool, although approved, has not been effectively communicated to state health departments, hindering the timely integration of AI tools into TB screening efforts.
Cost-Effectiveness Of AI Solutions
Both qXR and Genki have been shown to be cost-effective, with qXR costing Rupees 30 per case and Genki priced at Rupees 22 per case. These figures suggest that integrating these AI tools into TB detection efforts could result in significant savings and improved efficiency.
Role Of Chest X-rays In TB Detection
Chest X-rays play a vital role in detecting presumptive and subclinical TB cases. They have proven effective in identifying a significant number of TB cases in various surveys. The use of AI to assist in the interpretation of these X-rays improves both the speed and accuracy of the process, making it an ideal solution for resource-constrained settings.
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