CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is leading the efforts to develop a human vaccine candidate for the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1. This move comes in response to the recent outbreaks of the virus that have posed significant risks to both animal and human health in India. The ICMR is seeking collaboration from eligible organizations and manufacturers to support this crucial research and development initiative.
H5N1 Outbreaks
H5N1, a severe strain of bird flu, has caused several outbreaks in India, including in 2021, 2023, and 2024. These outbreaks primarily impacted poultry and wild bird populations, leading to substantial economic losses in the poultry sector. The zoonotic nature of the virus has also raised public health concerns, as the virus can spread to humans under certain conditions.
Public Health Risks
H5N1 presents a significant public health threat due to its high mortality rate and the possibility of causing a global pandemic. The virus is capable of mutating, which could facilitate human-to-human transmission. Although human cases are rare, the virus is highly lethal, with a case fatality rate exceeding 50% in those infected. Common symptoms of the virus include fever, respiratory distress, and multi-organ failure.
Human Infections And Preparedness
While no recent human infections have been reported in India, the risk remains due to the close interactions between humans and animals in the poultry industry. Global instances of sporadic human infections highlight the need for continuous surveillance and preparedness. India’s strategy includes monitoring the situation and ensuring access to necessary medical countermeasures.
Vaccine Development Efforts
Developing a human vaccine is critical to addressing the risks posed by H5N1 outbreaks. Such a vaccine would protect vulnerable populations and ensure readiness for potential future pandemics. The ICMR is exploring both mRNA and traditional vaccine platforms to develop an effective solution. A well-targeted vaccine, along with public awareness campaigns, is essential to managing and containing outbreaks.
Role Of ICMR-NIV
The ICMR-National Institute of Virology (ICMR-NIV) in Pune plays a pivotal role in the research of avian influenza viruses. The institute holds well-characterized strains of HPAI H5N1, which are crucial for the development of effective vaccines. Their expertise is vital for enhancing India’s pandemic preparedness and response capabilities.
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