An international team of researchers has discovered six species that are closely related to Elettaria cardamomum, also known as green cardamom.

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An international team of researchers has discovered six species that are closely related to Elettaria cardamomum, also known as green cardamom.

About Green Cardamom

• It belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and is commonly referred to as the Queen of Spices.

• Its natural habitat is the Western Ghats' evergreen rain forests.

• It is grown mostly in the Southern States of Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.

Required Climatic Conditions

• Soil - It is cultivated in forest loamy soils that are normally acidic in character, with a pH range of 5.0 - 6.5.

• Altitude - This crop may be produced at elevations ranging from 600 to 1500 meters.

• Temperature - 10 to 35 degrees Celsius.

• Rainfall - 1500 to 4000 millimeters.

Cardamom grows best when planted in humus-rich soils with low to medium phosphorus and medium to high potassium levels.
It is used as both a flavoring ingredient and a medication in traditional medicine.

Newly Identified Cardamom Species

• The genus Elettaria presently contains seven species, including cardamomum, E. ensal, E. floribunda, E. involucrata, and E. rufescens, which were previously classified as Alpinia.

• The remaining two are new species, facifera and E. tulipifera, which were described from Kerala's Periyar Tiger Reserve in Idukki district and the latter from the Agasthyamalai highlands in Thiruvananthapuram district and Munnar.

• Commercial green cardamom is derived from cardamom seed capsules.

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