CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
The Camp Hill virus, a henipavirus related to Nipah, has recently been detected in North America, prompting concerns over a potential outbreak.
About Henipaviruses
Henipaviruses, part of the Paramyxoviridae family, are zoonotic, negative-sense RNA viruses. Their primary hosts are fruit bats, specifically the Pteropus species, also known as 'flying foxes'. These viruses are capable of crossing species barriers, infecting a range of mammals, including humans. Henipaviruses are known to cause severe respiratory illnesses and encephalitis, often with high fatality rates.
Notable Henipaviruses
Hendra Virus - Initially identified in Australia, Hendra virus has led to outbreaks with mortality rates reaching up to 70%.
Nipah Virus - Nipah virus has caused multiple outbreaks in Southeast Asia, particularly in Malaysia and Bangladesh, with case fatality rates ranging from 40% to 75%, depending on the effectiveness of clinical care and surveillance.
Transmission
Henipaviruses can spread through:
Direct contact with infected animals, such as bats, pigs, or horses.
Consumption of contaminated food or water.
Human-to-human transmission through bodily fluids, close contact, or respiratory droplets.
Symptoms
Early symptoms of henipavirus infections can include dizziness, headaches, fever, and muscle pain. If the infection progresses, it may lead to severe encephalitis, which can manifest as confusion, abnormal reflexes, seizures, and coma, often leading to fatality.
Lethality Of Henipaviruses Explained
Henipaviruses are particularly deadly due to their ability to produce several proteins that interfere with the body’s innate immune response. These proteins block the immune system’s ability to fight off the virus, allowing it to replicate unchecked and causing severe illness.
Treatment
Currently, there is no specific vaccine or antiviral medication to treat henipavirus infections. Treatment is mainly supportive, aimed at managing symptoms.
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