The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has recently made significant strides with its Vikas liquid engine,

Description

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has recently made significant strides with its Vikas liquid engine, marking a key milestone in advancing the reusability of launch vehicles. This successful demonstration of the engine's restart capability is a crucial step towards improving the efficiency of space operations, further cementing ISRO's commitment to space technology and commercial space missions.

Overview Of Vikas Engine

The Vikas engine is a family of hypergolic liquid-fuel rocket engines designed and developed by ISRO. It powers the liquid stages of several prominent launch vehicles, such as PSLV, GSLV, and LVM3. Originally developed in the 1970s, the Vikas engine has undergone various improvements over the years.

Recent Testing Achievements

On January 17, 2025, ISRO successfully conducted a test to demonstrate the restart functionality of the Vikas engine. The test involved firing the engine for 60 seconds, followed by a 120-second shutdown, and then restarting it for an additional seven seconds. Earlier tests conducted in December 2024 featured shorter shut-off periods, marking continuous progress in engine performance and restart capabilities.

Engine Specifications

The Vikas engine operates using a combination of Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) as the fuel and Nitrogen Tetroxide (N2O4) as the oxidizer. It generates a maximum thrust of 725 kN. The propellant loading varies across different vehicles: 40 tonnes for PSLV and GSLV Mark I and II, and 55 tonnes for LVM3.

Variants Of Vikas Engine

Several variants of the Vikas engine have been developed:

• HTVE (High Thrust Vikas Engine): A modified version of the engine with 800 kN thrust, designed for GSLV.

• HPVE (High Pressure Vikas Engine): A version under development for use in future GSLV boosters.

Throttling Tests

In January 2023, the Vikas engine underwent its first throttling test, achieving a 67% thrust level for 43 seconds. Throttling capabilities are crucial for controlling the speed and trajectory of a spacecraft during mission phases, allowing for precise adjustments as required.

Role In Gaganyaan Mission

The Vikas engine will play a critical role in ISRO's ambitious Gaganyaan mission, India’s first manned space program. A high-thrust variant of the engine underwent rigorous testing to ensure it can perform effectively under the extreme conditions of human spaceflight.

Advancing Commercial Launch Operations

ISRO has launched the L110 core liquid stage of the LVM3 launch vehicle as part of its growing commercial space operations. This launch is part of a commercial agreement to deploy the BlueBird Block-2 satellite, further solidifying ISRO’s position in the global space market.

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