CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
Deep Ocean Mission of India has achieved a significant milestone by capturing high-resolution images of an active hydrothermal vent located 4,500 meters beneath the Indian Ocean's surface.
About Hydrothermal Vents
Hydrothermal vents are underwater hot springs situated near tectonic plate boundaries. They release superheated water and minerals from beneath the Earth's crust into the ocean. These vents were first discovered in 1977 near the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador.
Formation Process
Cold seawater, around 2°C, seeps through cracks in the oceanic crust near tectonic activity.
The water then comes into contact with hot magma beneath the Earth's surface, heating to temperatures as high as 370°C or more.
The superheated water resurfaces as mineral-rich fluids, forming hydrothermal vents and plumes.
Types Of Hydrothermal Vents
Black Smokers: Emit fluid rich in iron sulfides, resulting in black, chimney-like structures.
White Smokers: Release fluids rich in barium, calcium, and silicon, forming white chimneys.
Importance Of Discovery For India
Mineral Exploration - This discovery boosts India's ability to explore and tap into deep-sea hydrothermal sulfide fields, which are crucial for securing mineral resources.
Support for the Samudrayaan Mission - The findings align with India's Samudrayaan Mission, which aims to extract valuable minerals from the deep ocean.
Microbial Research - The discovery opens new avenues for studying chemosynthetic organisms, enhancing understanding of deep-sea biology and unlocking potential biotechnological applications.
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