CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
Recent research in Tanzania’s Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) highlights the growing tensions between humans and Cape buffaloes. The Cape buffalo, a notably aggressive species, is experiencing a decline in population and is now listed as Near Threatened. From 1999 to 2014, its population dropped by 18%. Currently, the global population is estimated to be between 569,000 and 573,000, with around 398,000 adults.
Causes Of Human-Buffalo Conflict
The conflicts between humans and buffaloes stem from a variety of factors, including rising human populations, loss of buffalo habitat, and changes in land use. As buffaloes venture into farmland and damage crops, clashes with local farmers become more frequent. Poaching further complicates the issue, with these conflicts contributing to approximately 200 human fatalities over the years.
Research Methodology
Researchers conducted surveys in villages surrounding the NCA, collecting data from 131 households through questionnaires. The primary cause of conflict identified was the competition for resources, particularly land and crops. During the wet season, buffaloes frequently target crops like maize, beans, and coffee, exacerbating tensions with farmers.
Traditional Methods Of Crop Protection
Farmers use several traditional strategies to protect their crops from buffaloes, such as guarding fields, lighting fires, and making loud noises. Since 2016, some coffee estates have installed electric fences, which have proven effective in reducing these conflicts.
Proposed Solutions
To address the conflict, researchers recommend engaging local communities in finding solutions. They suggest exploring innovative approaches such as chilli bombs, drones, and bright lights, which have previously been successful in reducing conflicts with elephants. Due to the potential costs involved, establishing resource-sharing groups among villagers could provide a more sustainable solution.
Recommendations For Wildlife Management Authorities
Wildlife authorities are advised to strengthen regulations that prevent crop cultivation within 500 meters of protected areas. It is essential to manage human-buffalo interactions effectively to support both wildlife conservation efforts and the well-being of local communities.
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