CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
In July 2024, floods and landslides devastated Kerala's Wayanad district, killing over 200 people. To avert future disasters, the Union Ministry of Earth Sciences has approved the building of an X-band radar in the region. This radar will improve weather surveillance and provide early warning of landslides.
About Radar, And Its Work
Radar, which stands for "radio detection and ranging," detects and measures the distance between objects using radio waves. A radar system consists of two major components: a transmitter that broadcasts signals and a receiver that detects signals when they bounce back from an object. By examining the returned signals, the radar can determine critical details such as the object's distance and speed.
About Doppler Radar
Doppler radar is a type of weather radar that utilizes the Doppler effect. The Doppler effect occurs when sound or light waves change frequency in response to whether something is approaching or moving away from you. By analyzing how signals change when they bounce off moving rain or storm clouds, weather radar can track how fast clouds are moving, which direction they're headed, and how heavy the downpour is.
X-Band Radar
X-band radar operates on radio waves in the 8-12 GHz area of the electromagnetic spectrum. These shorter waves produce sharper, higher-resolution images but do not travel as far since the signal degrades faster. In Wayanad, the X-band radar will monitor soil movement to predict landslides and give timely, accurate environmental data.
India’s Radar Network
India has been using meteorological radars since the 1950s. The first X-band radar was installed in 1970. India now has X-band and S-band radars (with larger ranges). India wants to install 60 new weather radars by 2026 as part of the "Mission Mausam" effort to improve weather forecasting across the country.
About NISAR Project
NISAR is a collaborative satellite project between NASA and India's ISRO. It will employ synthetic aperture radar to make precise maps of the Earth's surface. This radar will use L-band and S-band frequencies to monitor land changes such as deforestation and soil movement. NISAR is slated to launch in 2025.
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