Description

On October 6, 2024, the top stage of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle C-37 (PSLV-C37) successfully returned to Earth's atmosphere. This mission, was launched on February 15, 2017, was a significant accomplishment for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), since it broke the global record by launching 104 satellites in a single flight.

Overview Of The Mission

Cartosat-2D was the primary satellite of the PSLV-C37 mission, which also carried 103 additional satellites. Some of them included INS-1A and INS-1B. This outstanding achievement contributed to ISRO's reputation as a satellite launch industry leader.

Orbital Specifications

Following the launch, the top stage (known as PS4) was put into an orbit that was approximately 470 kilometres high and 494 kilometres wide. As it descended back to Earth, the US Space Command, which watched the object known as NORAD 42052, constantly observed its journey.

Re-Entry Procedure

By October 6, 2024, the upper stage had lost height owing to atmospheric drag, reducing its orbit to approximately 134 kilometres by 148 kilometres. This adjustment resulted in its re-entry, which happened at 15:49 UTC. The stage landed in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Compliance With The Guidelines

ISRO ensured that the re-entry followed international space debris-reduction norms, especially those established by the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC). These rules recommend that objects that are no longer operational remain in low Earth orbit for no more than 25 years after their mission.

Future Initiatives

To encourage responsible space operations, ISRO is striving to reduce the period its PSLV top stages are in orbit to five years or less. They are implementing controlled re-entry strategies into forthcoming flights to guarantee compliance with space debris laws.
ISRO hopes to complete a Debris Free Space Mission (DFSM) by 2030. This strategy entails taking efforts to guarantee that space operations are sustainable and to reduce the quantity of garbage in space.

About PSLV C-37

The PSLV C-37 mission, which launched on February 15, 2017, achieved a global record by launching 104 satellites in one go. It demonstrated the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle's increased capabilities. 101 of these satellites were from foreign countries, mostly the United States. The main satellite was the Cartosat-2 Series, which was designed for mapping and surveying. The success of PSLV C-37 emphasised India's expanding position and importance in the space sector, showcasing ISRO's ability to precisely deploy satellites in their planned orbits.

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