Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2024 for discovering microRNA and its importance in determining how genes function after they have been replicated

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Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2024 for discovering microRNA and its importance in determining how genes function after they have been replicated. This finding improved our understanding of gene regulation by demonstrating how particular genes are switched on or off to support certain cell activities, such as muscle or nerve cells.

About Gene Regulation

Genes, which are found inside every cell, serve as instructions for the cell to operate. Even while all of our cells have the same DNA, they can act extremely differently. Muscle cells and nerve cells, for example, have distinct appearances and behaviours while sharing the same genetic code.

This occurs because only specific genes are activated in each cell type based on what the cell needs to perform. This mechanism is known as gene regulation.

The Discovery Of Microrna

Ambros and Ruvkun's study led to the discovery of microRNA (miRNA), which are small RNA molecules that play a significant role in gene control. These little fragments of RNA regulate which genes are activated in a cell. Their findings revealed that humans have over a thousand distinct microRNAs, which are essential for growth, development, and various other functions.

About Victor Ambros

Victor Ambros was born in 1953 in Hanover, New Hampshire. He made a significant discovery in 1993 when he discovered the first microRNA from a gene called lin-4 in the microscopic roundworm C. elegans. This discovery was a significant advance in understanding how cells develop and change. Ambros has lectured at several colleges, including the University of Massachusetts Medical School, and earned multiple accolades for his breakthrough research.

Information About Gary Ruvkun

Gary Ruvkun was born in Berkeley, California, on March 22, 1952. He is well recognized for his research on how the gene lin-4 regulates messenger RNA, which carries genetic information used to produce proteins. In addition, he found the second microRNA, let-7. Ruvkun is a Harvard Medical School professor who continues to study microRNAs and how they affect cell function. He has garnered numerous distinctions for his work in genetics and biology.

Ambros and Ruvkun's discovery has transformed scientists' perspectives on gene control. Their insights explain how cells with the same DNA may perform distinct jobs by activating or deactivating certain genes. This is important to understanding how living creatures grow, develop, and operate. Their work is particularly crucial for study into disorders such as cancer, where gene regulation frequently fails.

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